(a)(1) The Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs is authorized to impose a civil penalty, as follows:

(i) For each violation of 22 U.S.C. 2778,an,238,892;

(ii) For each violation of 22 U.S.C. 2779a,an,028,998,or,whichever; and

(iii) For each violation of 22 U.S.C. 2780,an,224,787.

(2) The civil penalty may be either in addition to, or in lieu of, any other liability or penalty which may be imposed.

(b) The Directorate of Defense Trade Controls may make:

(1) The payment of a civil penalty under this section or

(2) The completion of any administrative action pursuant to this part 127 or 128 of this subchapter a prior condition for the issuance, restoration, or continuing validity of any export license or other approval.