This subpart applies to any person who:

(a) Falsely represents, expressly or by implication, that any deposit liability, obligation, certificate, or share is FDIC-insured by using the FDIC's name or logo;

(b) Knowingly misrepresents, expressly or by implication, that any deposit liability, obligation, certificate, or share is insured by the FDIC if such an item is not so insured;

(c) Knowingly misrepresents, expressly or by implication, the extent to which or the manner in which any deposit liability, obligation, certificate, or share is insured by the FDIC, if such an item is not insured to the extent or manner represented; or

(d) Aids or abets another in any of the foregoing listed in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section.

For purposes of this subpart:

Advertisement means a commercial message, in any medium, that is designed to attract public attention or patronage to a product, business, or service.

Appropriate Federal Banking Agency has the meaning set forth in section 3(q) of the FDI Act (12 U.S.C. 1813(q)).

Consumer means any current or potential depositor, including natural persons, organizations, corporate entities, and governmental bodies.

Deposit has the same meaning as set forth under section 3(l) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, 12 U.S.C. 1813(l).

FDI Act means the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, 12 U.S.C. 1811 et seq.

FDIC means the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

FDIC-Associated Images means the Seal of the FDIC, alone or within the letter C of the term FDIC; the Official Sign and Symbol of the FDIC, as set forth in § 328.2; the FDIC Official Digital Sign and Digital Symbol set forth in § 328.5; the Official Advertising Statement, as set forth in § 328.6; any similar images; and any other signs and symbols that may represent or imply that any deposit, liability, obligation certificate, or share is insured or guaranteed in whole or in part by the FDIC.

FDIC-Associated Terms means the abbreviation “FDIC,” and the following words or phrases: “Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,” “Federal Deposit,” “Federal Deposit Insurance,” “FDIC-insured,” “FDIC insurance,” “insured by FDIC,” “member FDIC;” any similar words or phrases; or any other terms that may represent or imply that any deposit, liability, obligation certificate, or share is insured or guaranteed by the FDIC.

Federal Banking Agency has the meaning set forth in section 3(z) of the FDI Act, 12 U.S.C. 1813(z).

General Counsel means the General Counsel of the FDIC or his or her designee.

Hybrid Product has the same meaning as set forth under § 328.1.

Institution-Affiliated Party (IAP) has the same meaning as set forth under section 3(u) of the FDI Act, 12 U.S.C. 1813(u).

Insured Deposit has the same meaning as set forth under section 3(m) of the FDI Act, 12 U.S.C. 1813(m).

Insured Depository Institution has the same meaning as set forth under section 3(c)(2) of the FDI Act, 12 U.S.C. 1813(c)(2).

Non-Deposit Product means any product that is not a “deposit”, including, but not limited to: insurance products, annuities, mutual funds, securities, and crypto-assets. For purposes of this definition, credit products and safe deposit box services are not Non-Deposit Products.

Person means a natural person, sole proprietor, partnership, corporation, unincorporated association, trust, joint venture, pool, syndicate, agency or other entity, association, or organization, including a “Regulated Institution” as defined in this section.

Regulated Institution means any institution for which the FDIC, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is the “appropriate Federal banking agency” under section 3(q) of the FDI Act, 12 U.S.C. 1813(q).

Third-Party Publisher means any party that publishes, places, distributes, or circulates advertising or marketing materials, regardless of the platform or media used for distribution, containing FDIC-Associated Images, FDIC-Associated Terms, or other claims regarding FDIC insurance or guarantees. Third-Party Publishers include, but are not limited to: Publishers and distributors of written, visual, or print advertising; broadcasters of video or audio advertisements; telemarketers; internet or web-based distributors, including internet service providers, and email marketers; and direct mail marketers and distributors.

Uninsured Financial Product means any Non-Deposit Product, Hybrid-Product, investment, security, obligation, certificate, share, crypto-asset or financial product other than an “Insured Deposit” as defined in this section.

(a) Use of the FDIC name or logo. (1) No person may represent or imply that any Uninsured Financial Product is insured or guaranteed by the FDIC by using FDIC-Associated Terms as part of any business name or firm name of any person.

(2) No person may represent or imply that any Uninsured Financial Product is insured or guaranteed by the FDIC by using FDIC-Associated Terms or by using FDIC-Associated Images as part of an Advertisement, solicitation, or other publication or dissemination.

(3) This section applies, but is not limited, to:

(i) An Advertisement for any Uninsured Financial Product that features or includes one or more FDIC-Associated Terms or FDIC-Associated Images, without a clear, conspicuous, and prominent disclaimer that the products being offered are not FDIC insured or guaranteed.

(ii) An Advertisement for any Uninsured Financial Product that may be backed or guaranteed by an entity other that the FDIC, but features or includes one or more FDIC-Associated Terms or FDIC-Associated Images, without a clear, conspicuous, prominent, and accurate explanation as to the actual nature and source of the guarantee.

(iii) An Advertisement for any Non-Deposit Product or Hybrid Product by a Regulated Institution that includes any statement or symbol which implies or suggests the existence of deposit insurance relating to the Non-Deposit Product or Hybrid Product.

(iv) Publication or dissemination of information, regardless of the media or platform, that suggests or implies that the party making the representation is an FDIC-insured institution if this is not in fact true.

(v) Publication or dissemination of information, regardless of the media or platform, that suggests or implies that the party making the representation is associated with an FDIC-insured institution if the nature of the association is not clearly, conspicuously, prominently, and accurately described.

(vi) Publication or dissemination of information, regardless of the media or platform, that suggests or implies that the party making the representation is the FDIC or any office, division, or subdivision thereof, if this is not in fact true.

(vii) Publication or dissemination of information, regardless of the media or platform, that suggests or implies that the party making the representation is associated with the FDIC or any office, division, or subdivision thereof, if the nature of the association is not clearly, conspicuously, prominently, and accurately described.

(viii) Use of FDIC-Associated Terms or FDIC-Associated Images, in a manner that inaccurately states or implies that a person other than an insured depository institution is insured by the FDIC.

(b) False or misleading representations regarding FDIC insurance. (1) No person may knowingly make false or misleading representations about deposit insurance, including:

(i) That any deposit liability, obligation, certificate, or share is insured under this subpart if such a deposit is not so insured;

(ii) The extent to which any deposit liability, obligation, certificate, or share is insured under this subpart if such item is not insured to the extent represented; or

(iii) The manner in which any deposit liability, obligation, certificate, or share is insured under this subpart if such item is not insured in the manner represented.

(iv) A person other than an insured depository institution is an FDIC-insured depository institution. This includes use of FDIC-Associated Terms or FDIC-Associated Images, in a manner that inaccurately states or implies that a person other than an insured depository institution is insured by the FDIC.

(2) For the purposes of this section, a statement is deemed to be a statement regarding deposit insurance, if it:

(i) Includes any FDIC-Associated Images or FDIC-Associated Terms;

(ii) Makes any representation, suggestion, or implication about the existence of FDIC insurance or the extent or manner of coverage; or

(iii) Makes any representation, suggestion, or implication about the existence, extent, or effectiveness of any guarantee by FDIC in the event of financial distress by Insured Depository Institutions, whether a specific Insured Depository Institution or Insured Depository Institutions generally, including but not limited to bank failure, insolvency, or receivership of such institutions.

(3) For the purposes of this section, a statement regarding deposit insurance violates this section, if:

(i) The statement contains any material representations which would have the tendency or capacity to mislead a reasonable consumer, regardless of whether any such consumer was actually misled; or

(ii) The statement omits or fails to clearly and conspicuously disclose material information that would be necessary to prevent a reasonable consumer from being misled, regardless of whether any such consumer was actually misled.

(4) Without limitation, a false or misleading representation is deemed to be material if it states, suggests, or implies that:

(i) Uninsured Financial Products are insured or guaranteed by the FDIC;

(ii) Insured Deposits (whether generally or at a particular Regulated Institution) are not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC;

(iii) The amount of deposit insurance coverage is different (whether greater or less) than actually provided under the FDI Act;

(iv) The circumstances under which deposit insurance may be paid are different than actually provided under the FDI Act;

(v) The requirements to qualify for deposit insurance, or the process by which deposit insurance would be paid, are different from what is provided under the FDI Act and its implementing regulations in this chapter, including false or misleading claims related to actions required of consumers to qualify for or obtain such insurance; or

(vi) Regulated Institutions may convert Insured Deposits into another form of liability that is not insured, such as unsecured debt or equity.

(5) Without limitation, a statement regarding deposit insurance will be deemed to omit or fail to clearly and conspicuously disclose material information if the absence of such information could lead a reasonable consumer to believe any of the material misrepresentations set forth in paragraph (b)(4) of this section or could otherwise result in a reasonable consumer being unable to understand the extent or manner of deposit insurance provided. Examples of such material information include, but are not limited to, the following:

(i) A statement made by a person other than an insured depository institution that represents or implies that an advertised product is insured by the FDIC that fails to clearly and conspicuously identify the insured depository institution(s) with which the representing party has a direct or indirect business relationship for the placement of deposits and into which the consumer's deposits may be placed;

(ii) A statement made by a person that is not an insured depository institution regarding deposit insurance that fails to clearly and conspicuously disclose that the person is not an FDIC-insured depository institution and that FDIC insurance only covers the failure of the FDIC-insured depository institution. A statement that a person is not an FDIC-insured bank and deposit insurance covers the failure of an insured bank would be considered a clear statement for purposes of this provision.

(iii) A statement made by a person regarding deposit insurance in a context where deposits and Non-Deposit products are both offered on a website in close proximity, that fails to clearly and conspicuously differentiate between insured deposits and Non-Deposit Products by disclosing that Non-Deposit Products: are not insured by the FDIC; are not deposits; and may lose value, except that:

(A) Services unrelated to financial products or investments and physical goods shall not be considered Non-Deposit Products for purposes of clause (b)(5)(iii) of this section; and

(B) In the case of a Non-Deposit Product that is a product that allows consumers to store, send, or receive fiat money and does not fluctuate in value, failure to disclose that the Non-Deposit Product may lose value will not be a material omission for purposes of clause (b)(5)(iii) of this section.

(iv) A statement made by a person regarding pass-through deposit insurance coverage that fails to clearly and conspicuously disclose that certain conditions must be satisfied for pass-through deposit insurance coverage to apply.

(6) Without limitation, a representation is deemed to have been knowingly made if the person making the representation:

(i) Has made false or misleading representations regarding deposit insurance;

(ii) Has been advised by the FDIC in an advisory letter, as provided in § 328.106(a), or has been advised by another governmental or regulatory authority, including, but not limited to, another Federal banking agency, the Federal Trade Commission, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, the U.S. Department of Justice, or a state bank supervisor, that such representations are false or misleading; and

(iii) Thereafter, continues to make these, or substantially-similar, representations.

Should any person have reason to believe that anyone is or may be acting in violation of section 18(a) of the FDI Act (12 U.S.C. 1828(a)) or this subpart, or have questions regarding the accuracy of deposit-related representations, such individuals may contact the FDIC at the FDIC Information and Support Center, http://ask.fdic.gov/fdicinformationandsupportcenter/s/, or by telephone at 1-877-275-3342 (1-877-ASK-FDIC).

(a) The General Counsel has delegated authority to investigate potential violations of section 18(a) of the FDI Act (12 U.S.C. 1828(a)) and this subpart.

(b) Such investigations will be conducted as prescribed under section 10(c) of the FDI Act (12 U.S.C. 1820(c)) and subpart K of part 308 of this chapter (12 CFR 308.144 through 308.150). Notwithstanding the general confidentiality provisions of 12 CFR 308.147, in cases that may pose a risk of imminent harm to consumers, the FDIC may disclose or confirm the existence of an investigation that does not involve an Insured Depository Institution or a known IAP thereof. Such disclosure must not disclose any information obtained or uncovered during the course of the investigation.

(a) If, in connection with the receipt of an inquiry or complaint, or during the course of an investigation, informal resolution, or formal enforcement under this subpart:

(1) The FDIC becomes aware of conduct by a Regulated Institution for which another Federal banking agency is the appropriate Federal banking agency or an Institution-Affiliated Party of such an institution, that appears to violate section 18(a) of the FDI Act (12 U.S.C. 1828(a)), the FDIC may recommend that the appropriate Federal banking agency take appropriate enforcement action. If the appropriate Federal banking agency does not take the recommended action within 30 days, the FDIC may pursue any and all remedies available under section 18(a) or the FDI Act (12 U.S.C. 1828(a)) and this subpart;

(2) The FDIC becomes aware of conduct that the FDIC has reason to believe violates a civil law or regulations within the jurisdiction of another regulatory authority, the FDIC may take steps to notify the appropriate authority; and

(3) The FDIC becomes aware of conduct that the FDIC has reason to believe violates 18 U.S.C. 709,the.

(b) To the extent that any records are provided to a regulatory or criminal law enforcement authority, as set forth in paragraph (a) of this section, the provision of such records will be made in accordance with the requirements of part 309 of this chapter. Where such records were obtained during the course of an investigation, informal resolution, or formal enforcement action, the General Counsel will be considered the Director of the FDIC's Division having primary authority over records so obtained.

(a) If the FDIC has reason to believe that any person may be misusing an FDIC-Associated Image or FDIC-Associated Term or otherwise violating § 328.102(a), or may be making false or misleading representations regarding deposit insurance in violation of § 328.102(b), the FDIC may issue an advisory letter to such a person and/or any person who aids or abets another in such conduct, including any Third-Party Publisher. Generally, such an advisory letter will:

(1) Alert the recipient of advisory letter of the basis for the FDIC's concerns;

(2) Request that the person and/or Third-Party Publisher:

(i) Take reasonable steps to prevent any violations of section 18(a) of the FDI Act (12 U.S.C. 1828(a)) and this subpart;

(ii) Commit in writing to refrain from such violations in the future; and

(iii) Notify the FDIC in writing that the identified concerns have been fully addressed and remediated; and

(2) Offer the person or Third-Party Publisher the opportunity to provide additional information, documentation, or justifications to substantiate the representations made or otherwise refute the FDIC's expressed concerns.

(b) Except in cases where the FDIC has reason to believe that consumers or Insured Depository Institutions may suffer harm arising from continued violations, recipients of advisory letters described in paragraph (a) of this section will be provided not less than fifteen (15) days to provide the requested commitment, explanation, or justification.

(c) Where a recipient of an advisory letter described in paragraph (a) of this section provides the FDIC with the requested written commitments within the timeframe specified in the letter, and where any required remediation has been verified by FDIC staff, the FDIC will generally take no further administrative enforcement against such a party under § 328.107.

(d) Where a recipient of an advisory letter described in paragraph (a) of this section fails to respond to the letter, fails to make the requested commitments, or fails to provide additional information, documentation, or justifications that the FDIC, in its discretion, finds adequate to substantiate the representations made or otherwise refute the concerns set forth in the advisory letter, the FDIC may pursue all remedies set forth in this subpart.

(e) Nothing in this section will prevent the FDIC from commencing a formal enforcement action under § 328.107 at any time before or after the issuance of an advisory letter under this section if:

(1) The FDIC has reason to believe that consumers or Insured Depository Institutions may suffer harm arising from continued violations; or

(2) The person to whom such an advisory letter would be sent has previously received a similar advisory letter from the FDIC under paragraph (a) of this section.

(a) Enforcement authority. For the purpose of enforcing the requirements of section 18(a)(4) of the FDI Act (12 U.S.C. 1818(a)(4)) and this subpart, the General Counsel has delegated authority to bring administrative enforcement actions against any person under sections 8(b), (c), (d), and (i) of the FDI Act (12 U.S.C. 1818(b), 1818(c), 1818(d), and 1818(i)). In the case of conduct by a Regulated Institution for which another Federal banking agency is the appropriate Federal banking agency or an institution-affiliated party of such an institution, the General Counsel may not bring an enforcement action under this subpart unless the FDIC has provided the appropriate Federal banking agency with notice as set forth in § 328.105(a)(1) and the appropriate Federal banking agency failed to take the recommended action.

(b) Venue. Unless the person who is the subject of the enforcement action consents to a different location, the venue for an administrative action commenced under section 18(a)(4) of the FDI Act (12 U.S.C. 1818(a)(4)), will be as follows:

(1) In a case where the person who is the subject of the action is an Insured Depository Institution or an IAP of an Insured Depository Institution, in the Federal judicial district or territory in which the home office of the Insured Depository Institution is located.

(2) In a case where the person who is the subject of the action is not an Insured Depository Institution or an IAP of an Insured Depository Institution, the Federal judicial district or territory where the person who is the subject of the action resides, if the subject resides in the United States. If the subject of the action does not reside in the United States, the venue will be where the subject of the action conducts business or the Federal judicial district for the District of Columbia.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (b)(1) of this section, a natural person is deemed to reside in the Federal judicial district where the natural person is domiciled. A person other than a natural person is deemed to reside in the Federal judicial district where it is headquartered or has its principal place of business.

(c) Rules of practice and procedure. All actions brought and maintained under this section will be subject to the FDIC's Rules of Practice and Procedure in subparts A through C of part 308 of this chapter (12 CFR 308.1 through 308.109).

(a) A person who is the subject of a final order issued after an administrative action commenced pursuant to this subpart may obtain judicial review of such order in accordance with the procedures set forth in section 8(h)(2) of the FDI Act (12 U.S.C. 1818(h)(2)).

(b) Petitions for review under this section may be filed in the court of appeals for the circuit where the hearing was held or the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

No provision of this subpart shall be construed as barring any action otherwise available, under the laws or regulations of the United States or any state, to any Federal or state agency or person.