The definitions and interpretations of terms in sections 201 and 510 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act apply to the terms used in this part, if not otherwise defined in this section. The following definitions apply to this part:

Active pharmaceutical ingredient means any substance that is intended for incorporation into a finished drug product and is intended to furnish pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or to affect the structure or any function of the body. Active pharmaceutical ingredient does not include intermediates used in the synthesis of the substance.

Bulk drug substance, as referenced in sections 503A(b)(1)(A) and 503B(a)(2) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, means the same as “active pharmaceutical ingredient” as defined in this section.

Commercial distribution means any distribution of a human drug, except for investigational use under part 312 of this chapter, and any distribution of an animal drug or an animal feed bearing or containing an animal drug, except for investigational use under part 511 of this chapter. The term does not include internal or interplant transfer between registered establishments under common ownership and control, including a parent, subsidiary, or affiliate company. For foreign establishments that manufacture, repack, relabel, or salvage, or for foreign private label distributors, the term “commercial distribution” has the same meaning except the term does not include distribution of any drug that is neither imported nor offered for import into the United States.

Content of labeling means:

(1) For human prescription drugs that are subject to section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act: The content of the prescription drug labeling (as specified in §§ 201.56, 201.57, and 201.80 of this chapter), including all text, tables, and figures.

(2) For human prescription drugs that are not subject to section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act: The labeling equivalent to the content of the prescription drug labeling (as specified in §§ 201.56, 201.57, and 201.80 of this chapter), including all text, tables, and figures.

(3) For human over-the-counter (OTC) drugs: All text, tables, and figures including the drug facts labeling required by § 201.66 of this chapter.

(4) For animal drugs (including, but not limited to, drugs that are subject to section 512 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act): The content of the labeling that accompanies the drug that is necessary to enable safe and proper administration of the drug (e.g., the labeling applicable to veterinary drugs specified in part 201 of this chapter), including all text, tables, and figures.

Domestic for purposes of registration and listing under this part, when used to modify the term “registrant,” “manufacturer,” “repacker,” “relabeler,” “salvager,” “private label distributor,” or “establishment,” refers to a registrant, manufacturer, repacker, relabeler, salvager, private label distributor, or establishment within any State or Territory of the United States, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Drug, for the purposes of registration and listing under this part, has the meaning given in section 201(g)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

Establishment means a place of business under one management at one general physical location. The term includes, among others, independent laboratories that engage in control activities for a registered drug establishment (e.g., consulting laboratories), manufacturers of medicated feeds and of vitamin products that are drugs in accordance with section 201(g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, human blood donor centers, and animal facilities used for the production or control testing of licensed biologicals, and establishments engaged in salvaging.

Establishment registration number means the number assigned to the establishment, as identified by FDA, after the establishment registration required in this part.

Finished drug product means a finished dosage form (e.g., tablet, capsule, or solution) that contains at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, generally, but not necessarily, in association with other ingredients in finished package form suitable for distribution to pharmacies, hospitals, or other sellers or dispensers of the drug product to patients or consumers.

Foreign for the purposes of registration and listing under this part:

(1) When used to modify the term “manufacturer,” “repacker,” “relabeler,” or “salvager,” refers to a manufacturer, repacker, relabeler, or salvager, who is located in a foreign country and who manufactures, repacks, relabels, or salvages a drug, or an animal feed bearing or containing a new animal drug, that is imported or offered for import into the United States.

(2) When used to modify the term “establishment” refers to an establishment that is located in a foreign country and is engaged in the manufacture, repackaging, relabeling, or salvaging of any drug, or any animal feed bearing or containing a new animal drug, that is imported or offered for import into the United States.

Importer means, for purposes of this part, a person in the United States that is an owner, consignee, or recipient, at the time of entry, of a foreign establishment's drug, or an animal feed bearing or containing a new animal drug, that is imported into the United States.

Manufacture means each step in the manufacture, preparation, propagation, compounding, or processing of a drug or an animal feed bearing or containing a new animal drug. Manufacture includes the making by chemical, physical, biological, or other procedures or manipulations of a drug, or an animal feed bearing or containing a new animal drug, including control procedures applied to the final product or to any part of the process. Manufacture includes manipulation, sampling, testing, or control procedures applied to the final product or to any part of the process, including, for example, analytical testing of drugs for another registered establishment's drug. For purposes of this part, and in order to clarify the responsibilities of the entities engaged in different operations, the term manufacture is defined and used separately from the terms relabel, repackage, and salvage, although the term “manufacture, preparation, propagation, compounding, or processing,” as used in section 510 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, includes relabeling, repackaging, and salvaging activities.

Manufacturer means a person who owns or operates an establishment that manufactures a drug or an animal feed bearing or containing a new animal drug. This term includes, but is not limited to, control laboratories, contract laboratories, contract manufacturers, contract packers, contract labelers, and other entities that manufacture a drug, or an animal feed bearing or containing a new animal drug, as defined in this paragraph. For purposes of this part, and in order to clarify the responsibilities of the entities engaged in different operations, the term manufacturer is defined and used separately from the terms relabeler, repacker, and salvager, although the term “manufacture, preparation, propagation, compounding, or processing,” as used in section 510 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, includes the activities of relabelers, repackers, and salvagers. Repackers, relabelers, and salvagers are subject to the provisions of this part that are applicable to repackers, relabelers, and salvagers, but are not subject to the provisions of this part that are applicable to manufacturers. When not modified by “domestic” or “foreign,” the term includes both domestic manufacturers and foreign manufacturers.

Material change means any change in any drug listing information, as required under §§ 207.49, 207.53, 207.54, 207.55, or 207.57 except changes in format of labeling, labeling changes of an editorial nature, or inclusion of a bar code or initial inclusion of an NDC on the label.

Outsourcing facility means a compounder that has elected to register with FDA under section 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and that meets all of the conditions of section 503B.

Person who imports or offers for import means, for purposes of this part, the owner or exporter of a drug who consigns and ships a drug from a foreign country to the United States. This includes persons who send a drug to the United States by international mail or other private delivery service, but it does not include carriers who merely transport the drug.

Private label distribution means commercial distribution of a drug under the label or trade name of a person who did not manufacture, repack, relabel, or salvage that drug.

Private label distributor means, with respect to a particular drug, a person who did not manufacture, repack, relabel, or salvage the drug but under whose label or trade name the drug is commercially distributed.

Registrant means any person that owns or operates an establishment that manufactures, repacks, relabels, or salvages a drug, and is not otherwise exempt from establishment registration requirements under section 510 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act or this part.

Relabel means to change the existing label or labels on a drug or drug package, or change or alter the existing labeling for a drug or drug package, without repacking the drug or drug package. This term does not include the addition or modification of information affixed solely for purposes of delivery to a customer, customer identification, and/or inventory management.

Relabeler means a person who owns or operates an establishment that relabels a drug. When not modified by “domestic” or “foreign,” the term includes both domestic relabelers and foreign relabelers.

Repack or repackage means the act of taking a finished drug product or unfinished drug from the container in which it was placed in commercial distribution and placing it into a different container without manipulating, changing, or affecting the composition or formulation of the drug.

Repacker means a person who owns or operates an establishment that repacks a drug or drug package. When not modified by “domestic” or “foreign,” the term includes both domestic repackers and foreign repackers.

Representative sampling of advertisements means typical advertising material (including the promotional material described in § 202.1(l)(1) of this chapter, but excluding labeling as determined in § 202.1(l)(2) of this chapter), that gives a balanced picture of the promotional claims used for the drug.

Representative sampling of any other labeling means typical labeling material (including the labeling material described in § 202.1(l)(2) of this chapter, but excluding labels and package inserts) that gives a balanced picture of the promotional claims used for the drug.

Salvage means the act of segregating out those finished drug products that may have been subjected to improper storage conditions (such as extremes in temperature, humidity, smoke, fumes, pressure, age, or radiation) for the purpose of returning the products to the marketplace and includes applying manufacturing controls such as those required by current good manufacturing practice in parts 210 and 211 of this chapter.

Salvager means a person who owns or operates an establishment that engages in salvaging. When not modified by “domestic” or “foreign,” the term includes both domestic and foreign salvagers.

Unfinished drug means an active pharmaceutical ingredient either alone or together with one or more other ingredients but does not include finished drug products.

Bulk drug substance, as referenced in sections 503A(b)(1)(A) and 503B(a)(2) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, previously defined in § 207.3(a)(4), means the same as “active pharmaceutical ingredient” as defined in § 207.1.

Establishment registration information helps FDA identify who is manufacturing, repacking, relabeling, and salvaging drugs and where those operations are performed. Drug listing information gives FDA a current inventory of drugs manufactured, repacked, relabeled, or salvaged for commercial distribution. Both types of information facilitate implementation and enforcement of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and are used for many important public health purposes.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, this part applies to:

(1) Domestic manufacturers, domestic repackers, domestic relabelers and domestic salvagers, not exempt under section 510(g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act or § 207.13, regardless of whether their drugs enter interstate commerce;

(2) Foreign manufacturers, foreign repackers, foreign relabelers and foreign salvagers, not exempt under section 510(g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act or § 207.13;

(3) Private label distributors, because they must have labeler codes;

(4) Establishments engaged in the manufacture, repacking, relabeling, or salvaging of human drugs regulated under a biologics license application (BLA). These establishments are subject to the requirements of this part unless they are required to register and list such drugs as human blood or blood products under part 607 of this chapter and do not engage in activities that would otherwise require them to register and list under this part.

(5) Establishments engaged in the manufacture (as defined in § 1271.3(e) of this chapter) of human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products (HCT/Ps) (as defined in § 1271.3(d) of this chapter) that, under § 1271.20 of this chapter, are also drugs regulated under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act or section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. These establishments must register and list those HCT/Ps following the procedures described in this part.

(b) This part does not apply to owners and operators of establishments that collect or process human whole blood and blood products unless the establishment also manufactures, repacks, or relabels other drugs. For purposes of this paragraph (b), human whole blood and blood products do not include plasma derivatives such as albumin, Immune Globulin, Factor VIII and Factor IX, and recombinant versions of plasma derivatives or animal derived plasma derivatives, or bulk product substances such as fractionation intermediates or pastes. Establishments that collect or process human whole blood and blood products as well as establishments involved in testing of human whole blood and blood products must register and list under part 607 of this chapter. Manufacturers of licensed devices and manufacturers of licensed biological products used in a licensed device must register and list under part 607 of this chapter.

(c) This part does not apply to establishments that solely manufacture, prepare, propagate, compound, assemble, or process medical devices. Registration and listing regulations for such establishments are codified in part 807 of this chapter.

Except as provided in § 207.13(l), the following classes of persons are exempt from registration and drug listing in accordance with section 510(g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act or because FDA has determined, under section 510(g)(5) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, that their registration is not necessary for the protection of the public health. This exemption is limited to establishment registration and drug listing requirements and does not relieve a person from other statutory or regulatory obligations.

(a)(1) Pharmacies that:

(i) Operate in conformance with all applicable local laws regulating the practice of pharmacy and medicine, including all applicable local laws regulating the dispensing of prescription drugs;

(ii) Regularly engage in dispensing prescription drugs upon a valid prescription by practitioners licensed by law to administer these drugs to patients under their professional care; and

(iii) Do not manufacture, repack, relabel, or salvage drugs other than in the regular course of their business of dispensing or selling drugs at retail.

(2) The exemption in this paragraph (a) is limited to pharmacies located in any State as defined in section 201(a)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

(b)(1) Hospitals, clinics, other health care entities, and public health agencies that:

(i) Operate establishments in conformance with all applicable local laws regulating the practice of pharmacy and medicine, including all applicable local laws regulating the dispensing of prescription drugs;

(ii) Regularly engage in dispensing prescription drugs, other than human whole blood or blood products, upon a valid order or prescription by practitioners licensed by law to administer these drugs to patients under their professional care; and

(iii) Do not manufacture, repack, relabel, or salvage drugs other than in the regular course of their practice of pharmacy, including dispensing.

(2) The exemption in this paragraph (b) is limited to hospitals, clinics, other health care entities, and public health agencies located in any State as defined in section 201(a)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

(c) Individuals or establishments under contract, agreement, or other arrangement with a registered establishment and engaged solely in recovering cells or tissues and sending the recovered cells or tissues to the registered establishment to become components of a biological product are exempt from registration and listing under this part unless FDA determines that drug establishment registration and listing is necessary for the protection of the public health.

(d) Practitioners who are licensed by law to prescribe or administer drugs and who manufacture, repack, relabel, or salvage drugs solely for use in their professional practice.

(e) Manufacturers, repackers, relabelers, or salvagers who manufacture, repack, relabel, or salvage drugs solely for use in research, teaching, or chemical analysis and not for sale.

(f) Manufacturers, repackers, and relabelers of harmless inactive ingredients such as excipients, colorings, flavorings, emulsifiers, lubricants, preservatives, or solvents that become components of drugs.

(g) Manufacturers, repackers, relabelers, or salvagers of Type B or Type C medicated feeds, except for persons who manufacture, repack, relabel, or salvage Type B or Type C medicated feeds starting from Category II, Type A medicated articles for which a medicated feed mill license approved under part 515 of this chapter is required. This exemption also does not apply to persons that would otherwise be required to register (such as manufacturers, repackers, relabelers, or salvagers of certain free-choice feeds, as defined in § 510.455 of this chapter, or certain liquid feeds, as defined in § 558.5 of this chapter, where the specifications and/or formulas are not published and a medicated feed mill license is required). All manufacturers, repackers, relabelers, or salvagers of Type B or Type C medicated feeds are exempt from listing.

(h) Any manufacturer, repacker, relabeler, or salvager of a virus, serum, toxin, or analogous product intended for the treatment of domestic animals who holds an unsuspended and unrevoked license issued by the Secretary of Agriculture under the animal virus-serum-toxin law of March 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 832 (21 U.S.C. 151 et seq.)), provided that this exemption from registration applies only to the manufacturer, repacker, relabeler, or salvager of that animal virus, serum, toxin, or analogous product.

(i) Carriers, in their receipt, carriage, holding, or delivery of drugs in the usual course of business as carriers.

(j) Foreign establishments whose drugs are imported or offered for import into the United States must comply with the establishment registration and listing requirements of this part unless exempt under this section or unless:

(1) Their drugs enter a foreign trade zone and are re-exported without having entered U.S. commerce, or

(2) Their drugs are imported in conformance with section 801(d)(3) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

(k) Entities that are registered with FDA as outsourcing facilities and that compound drugs in conformance with section 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

(l) The exemptions provided in paragraphs (a) through (k) of this section do not apply to such persons if they:

(1) Manufacture (as defined in § 207.1), repack, relabel, or salvage compounded positron emission tomography drugs as defined in section 201(ii) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act;

(2) Manufacture (as defined in § 600.3(u) of this chapter) a human biological product subject to licensing under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act; or

(3) Engage in activities that would otherwise require them to register under this part.