A recipient other than an individual is in violation of the requirements of this part if the Secretary of Transportation determines, in writing, that—

(a) The recipient has violated the requirements of subpart B of this part; or

(b) The number of convictions of the recipient's employees for violating criminal drug statutes in the workplace is large enough to indicate that the recipient has failed to make a good faith effort to provide a drug-free workplace.

An individual recipient is in violation of the requirements of this part if the Secretary of Transportation determines, in writing, that—

(a) The recipient has violated the requirements of subpart C of this part; or

(b) The recipient is convicted of a criminal drug offense resulting from a violation occurring during the conduct of any award activity.

If a recipient is determined to have violated this part, as described in § 32.500 or § 32.505, the Department of Transportation may take one or more of the following actions—

(a) Suspension of payments under the award;

(b) Suspension or termination of the award; and

(c) Suspension or debarment of the recipient under 49 CFR part 29, for a period not to exceed five years.

The Secretary of Transportation may waive with respect to a particular award, in writing, a suspension of payments under an award, suspension or termination of an award, or suspension or debarment of a recipient if the Secretary of Transportation determines that such a waiver would be in the public interest. This exception authority cannot be delegated to any other official.