(a) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, each manufacturer of passenger automobiles shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy standards in table 1 to this paragraph (a), expressed in miles per gallon, in the model year specified as applicable:
| Model year
| Average fuel economy standard (miles per gallon)
|
|---|
| 1978 | 18.0
|
| 1979 | 19.0
|
| 1980 | 20.0
|
| 1981 | 22.0
|
| 1982 | 24.0
|
| 1983 | 26.0
|
| 1984 | 27.0
|
| 1985 | 27.5
|
| 1986 | 26.0
|
| 1987 | 26.0
|
| 1988 | 26.0
|
| 1989 | 26.5
|
| 1990-2010 | 27.5 |
(b) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, for model year 2011, a manufacturer's passenger automobile fleet shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy level calculated for that model year according to figure 1 and the appropriate values in table 2 to this paragraph (b).
Figure 1 to Paragraph (b)
Where:
N is the total number (sum) of passenger automobiles produced by a manufacturer;
Ni is the number (sum) of the ith passenger automobile model produced by the manufacturer; and
Ti is the fuel economy target of the ith model passenger automobile, which is determined according to the following formula, rounded to the nearest hundredth:
Where:
Parameters a, b, c, and d are defined in table 2 to this paragraph (b);
e = 2.718; and
x = footprint (in square feet, rounded to the nearest tenth) of the vehicle model.
Table 2 to paragraph (b)— Parameters for the Passenger Automobile Fuel Economy Targets
| Model year
| Parameters
|
|---|
a
(mpg)
| b
(mpg)
| c
(gal/mi/ft2)
| d
(gal/mi)
|
|---|
| 2011 | 31.20 | 24.00 | 51.41 | 1.91 |
(c) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, for model years 2012-2031, a manufacturer's passenger automobile fleet shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy level calculated for that model year according to this figure 2 and the appropriate values in this table 3 to this paragraph (c).
Figure 2 to Paragraph (c)
Where:
CAFErequired is the fleet average fuel economy standard for a given fleet (domestic passenger automobiles or import passenger automobiles);
Subscript i is a designation of multiple groups of automobiles, where each group's designation, i.e., i = 1, 2, 3, etc., represents automobiles that share a unique model type and footprint within the applicable fleet, either domestic passenger automobiles or import passenger automobiles;
Productioni is the number of passenger automobiles produced for sale in the United States within each ith designation, i.e., which share the same model type and footprint;
TARGETi is the fuel economy target in miles per gallon (mpg) applicable to the footprint of passenger automobiles within each ith designation, i.e., which share the same model type and footprint, calculated according to figure 3 to this paragraph (c) and rounded to the nearest hundredth of a mpg, i.e., 35.455 = 35.46 mpg, and the summations in the numerator and denominator are both performed over all models in the fleet in question.
Figure 3 to Paragraph (c)
Where:
TARGET is the fuel economy target (in mpg) applicable to vehicles of a given footprint (FOOTPRINT, in square feet);
Parameters a, b, c, and d are defined in table 3 to this paragraph (c); and
The MIN and MAX functions take the minimum and maximum, respectively, of the included values.
Table 3 to Paragraph (c)—Parameters for the Passenger Automobile Fuel Economy Targets, MYs 2012-2031
| Model year
| Parameters
|
|---|
a
(mpg)
| b
(mpg)
| c
(gal/mi/ft2)
| d
(gal/mi)
|
|---|
| 2012 | 35.95 | 27.95 | 0.0005308 | 0.006057
|
| 2013 | 36.80 | 28.46 | 0.0005308 | 0.005410
|
| 2014 | 37.75 | 29.03 | 0.0005308 | 0.004725
|
| 2015 | 39.24 | 29.90 | 0.0005308 | 0.003719
|
| 2016 | 41.09 | 30.96 | 0.0005308 | 0.002573
|
| 2017 | 43.61 | 32.65 | 0.0005131 | 0.001896
|
| 2018 | 45.21 | 33.84 | 0.0004954 | 0.001811
|
| 2019 | 46.87 | 35.07 | 0.0004783 | 0.001729
|
| 2020 | 48.74 | 36.47 | 0.0004603 | 0.001643
|
| 2021 | 49.48 | 37.02 | 0.000453 | 0.00162
|
| 2022 | 50.24 | 37.59 | 0.000447 | 0.00159
|
| 2023 | 51.00 | 38.16 | 0.000440 | 0.00157
|
| 2024 | 55.44 | 41.48 | 0.000405 | 0.00144
|
| 2025 | 60.26 | 45.08 | 0.000372 | 0.00133
|
| 2026 | 66.95 | 50.09 | 0.000335 | 0.00120
|
| 2027 | 68.32 | 51.12 | 0.00032841 | 0.00117220
|
| 2028 | 69.71 | 52.16 | 0.00032184 | 0.00114876
|
| 2029 | 71.14 | 53.22 | 0.00031541 | 0.00112579
|
| 2030 | 72.59 | 54.31 | 0.00030910 | 0.00110327
|
| 2031 | 74.07 | 55.42 | 0.00030292 | 0.00108120 |
(d) In addition to the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, each manufacturer, other than manufacturers subject to standards in paragraph (e) of this section, shall also meet the minimum fleet standard for domestically manufactured passenger automobiles expressed in table 4 to this paragraph (d):
Table 4 to Paragraph (d)—Minimum Fuel Economy Standards for Domestically Manufactured Passenger Automobiles, MYs 2011-2031
| Model year
| Minimum
standard
|
|---|
| 2011 | 27.8
|
| 2012 | 30.7
|
| 2013 | 31.4
|
| 2014 | 32.1
|
| 2015 | 33.3
|
| 2016 | 34.7
|
| 2017 | 36.7
|
| 2018 | 38.0
|
| 2019 | 39.4
|
| 2020 | 40.9
|
| 2021 | 39.9
|
| 2022 | 40.6
|
| 2023 | 41.1
|
| 2024 | 44.3
|
| 2025 | 48.1
|
| 2026 | 53.5
|
| 2027 | 54.2
|
| 2028 | 55.2
|
| 2029 | 56.4
|
| 2030 | 57.5
|
| 2031 | 58.7 |
(e) The following manufacturers shall comply with the standards indicated in paragraphs (e)(1) through (15) of this section for the specified model years:
(1) Avanti Motor Corporation.
Table 5 to § 531.5(e)(1)—Average Fuel Economy Standards
| Model year
| Miles per gallon
|
|---|
| 1978 | 16.1
|
| 1979 | 14.5
|
| 1980 | 15.8
|
| 1981 | 18.2
|
| 1982 | 18.2
|
| 1983 | 16.9
|
| 1984 | 16.9
|
| 1985 | 16.9 |
(2) Rolls-Royce Motors, Inc.
Table 6 to § 531.5(e)(2)—Average Fuel Economy Standards
| Model year
| Miles per gallon
|
|---|
| 1978 | 10.7
|
| 1979 | 10.8
|
| 1980 | 11.1
|
| 1981 | 10.7
|
| 1982 | 10.6
|
| 1983 | 9.9
|
| 1984 | 10.0
|
| 1985 | 10.0
|
| 1986 | 11.0
|
| 1987 | 11.2
|
| 1988 | 11.2
|
| 1989 | 11.2
|
| 1990 | 12.7
|
| 1991 | 12.7
|
| 1992 | 13.8
|
| 1993 | 13.8
|
| 1994 | 13.8
|
| 1995 | 14.6
|
| 1996 | 14.6
|
| 1997 | 15.1
|
| 1998 | 16.3
|
| 1999 | 16.3 |
(3) Checker Motors Corporation.
Table 7 to § 531.5(e)(3)—Average Fuel Economy Standards
| Model year
| Miles per gallon
|
|---|
| 1978 | 17.6
|
| 1979 | 16.5
|
| 1980 | 18.5
|
| 1981 | 18.3
|
| 1982 | 18.4 |
(4) Aston Martin Lagonda Limited.
Table 8 to § 531.5(e)(4)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| (Miles per
gallon)
|
|---|
| 1979 | 11.5
|
| 1980 | 12.1
|
| 1981 | 12.2
|
| 1982 | 12.2
|
| 1983 | 11.3
|
| 1984 | 11.3
|
| 1985 | 11.4
|
| 2008 | 19.0
|
| 2009 | 18.6
|
| 2010 | 19.2
|
| 2011 | 19.1
|
| 2012 | 19.2
|
| 2013 | 20.1
|
| 2014 | 19.7
|
| 2015 | 19.8
|
| 2016 | 20.2
|
| 2017 | 21.4
|
| 2018 | 22.9
|
| 2019 | 22.4
|
| 2020 | 22.6
|
| 2021 | 24.9
|
| 2022 | 24.9
|
| 2023 | 24.9 |
(5) Excalibur Automobile Corporation.
Table 9 to § 531.5(e)(5)—Average Fuel Economy Standards
| Model year
| Miles per
gallon
|
|---|
| 1978 | 11.5
|
| 1979 | 11.5
|
| 1980 | 16.2
|
| 1981 | 17.9
|
| 1982 | 17.9
|
| 1983 | 16.6
|
| 1984 | 16.6
|
| 1985 | 16.6 |
(6) Lotus Cars Ltd.
Table 10 to § 531.5(e)(6)—Average Fuel Economy Standards
| Model year
| Miles per
gallon
|
|---|
| 1994 | 24.2
|
| 1995 | 23.3 |
(7) Officine Alfieri Maserati, S.p.A.
Table 11 to § 531.5(e)(7)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| Miles per
gallon
|
|---|
| 1978 | 12.5
|
| 1979 | 12.5
|
| 1980 | 9.5
|
| 1984 | 17.9
|
| 1985 | 16.8 |
(8) Lamborghini of North America.
Table 12 to § 531.5(e)(8)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| Miles per
gallon
|
|---|
| 1983 | 13.7
|
| 1984 | 13.7 |
(9) LondonCoach Co., Inc.
Table 13 to § 531.5(e)(9)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| Miles per
gallon
|
|---|
| 1985 | 21.0
|
| 1986 | 21.0
|
| 1987 | 21.0 |
(10) Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A./Vector Aeromotive Corporation.
Table 14 § 531.5(e)(10)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| Miles per
gallon
|
|---|
| 1995 | 12.8
|
| 1996 | 12.6
|
| 1997 | 12.5 |
(11) Dutcher Motors, Inc.
Table 15 to § 531.5(e)(11)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| Miles per
gallon
|
|---|
| 1986 | 16.0
|
| 1987 | 16.0
|
| 1988 | 16.0
|
| 1992 | 17.0
|
| 1993 | 17.0
|
| 1994 | 17.0
|
| 1995 | 17.0 |
(12) MedNet, Inc.
Table 16 to § 531.5(e)(12)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| Average
fuel
economy
standard
(miles per
gallon)
|
|---|
| 1996 | 17.0
|
| 1997 | 17.0
|
| 1998 | 17.0 |
(13) Vector Aeromotive Corporation.
Table 17 to § 531.5(e)(13)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| Miles per
gallon
|
|---|
| 1998 | 12.1 |
(14) Qvale Automotive Group Srl.
Table 18 to § 531.5(e)(14)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| Miles per
gallon
|
|---|
| 2000 | 22.0
|
| 2001 | 22.0 |
(15) Spyker Automobielen B.V.
Table 19 to § 531.5(e)(15)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| (Miles per
gallon)
|
|---|
| 2006 | 18.9
|
| 2007 | 18.9
|
| 2008 | 19.6
|
| 2009 | 19.6
|
| 2010 | 20.7 |
(16) Ferrari.
Table 20 to § 531.5(e)(16)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| (Miles per
gallon)
|
|---|
| 2016 | 21.7
|
| 2017 | 21.5
|
| 2018 | 21.6
|
| 2020 | 21.1 |
(17) Koenigsegg.
Table 21 to § 531.5(e)(17)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| (Miles per
gallon)
|
|---|
| 2015 | 16.7
|
| 2018 | 16.7
|
| 2019 | 16.6
|
| 2020 | 16.6
|
| 2021 | 16.6
|
| 2022 | 16.9
|
| 2023 | 16.9 |
(18) McLaren.
Table 22 to § 531.5(e)(18)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| (Miles per
gallon)
|
|---|
| 2012 | 23.2
|
| 2013 | 24.0
|
| 2014 | 23.8
|
| 2015 | 22.9
|
| 2016 | 23.2
|
| 2017 | 24.3
|
| 2018 | 23.3
|
| 2019 | 22.5
|
| 2020 | 22.5
|
| 2021 | 21.5
|
| 2022 | 24.6
|
| 2023 | 25.7 |
(19) Mobility Ventures.
Table 23 to § 531.5(e)(19)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| (Miles per
gallon)
|
|---|
| 2014 | 19.6
|
| 2015 | 20.1
|
| 2016 | 20.1 |
(20) Pagani.
Table 24 to § 531.5(e)(20)—Average Fuel Economy Standard
| Model year
| (Miles per
gallon)
|
|---|
| 2014 | 15.6
|
| 2016 | 15.6
|
| 2017 | 15.6
|
| 2018 | 15.6
|
| 2019 | 15.5
|
| 2020 | 15.5
|
| 2021 | 15.5
|
| 2022 | 15.5
|
| 2023 | 15.5 |