CLA-2 CO:R:C:T 957760 CMR
Ms. Kathy Redey
Eddie Bauer, Inc.
15010 N.E. 36th Street
Redmond, Washington 98052
RE: Classification of certain women's woven flannel sleepwear
garments; sleepwear separates; mix and match pajamas
Dear Ms. Redey:
This ruling is in response to your request of February 8,
1995, regarding the classification of certain flannel sleepwear
garments. The garments will be manufactured in Hong Kong and
imported through the ports of Seattle, Columbus and Chicago.
Samples were received with your request.
FACTS:
The garments at issue consist of four matching women's
garments--a pajama top, style 10645, 10646 (petite), 10648
(tall); a long pajama pant, style 10659, 10672 (petite), 10673
(tall); a robe, style 10674, 10678 (petite), 10684 (tall); and a
nightshirt, style 2689, 3105 (petite), 3142 (tall). All of the
garments are made of woven 100 percent cotton flannel yarn dyed
fabric. The garments will be sold separately.
The pajama top, style 10645, has a round high neckline with
a pointed collar and full-front opening secured by five white
flat buttons. The garment has long sleeves without cuffs, two
front patch pockets below the waist, and a straight hemmed bottom
The garment is oversized so as to be loose-fitting.
The long pajama pant, style 10659, has an elasticized waist
(with the elastic exposed on the inside of the waist). The
garment is oversized with wide legs, side seam pockets, and a
mock fly.
The robe, style 10674, has long sleeves, two front patch
pockets below the waist, and a full front opening with a matching
fabric belt closure. -2-
The nightshirt, style 2689, has a crew-neck, a partial front
placket opening secured by six flat buttons, long sleeves, and a
rounded shirt-tail style hemmed bottom. The garment is oversized
and reaches to mid-calf.
You indicate in your letter that these garments are being
purchased for sale in your 1995 Holiday catalog and that the
garments will be featured in the catalog section dedicated to
bathrobes, pajamas, nightwear, and loungewear. You state that
the garments were designed, manufactured and will be marketed by
Eddie Bauer as garments to be worn to bed, but might also be worn
while lounging around the house. The pajama tops and bottoms
will be offered for sale separately giving purchasers the option
of buying a different size top and bottom depending on individual
needs.
ISSUE:
Are the submitted garments classifiable as sleepwear
garments of heading 6208, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the
United States Annotated (HTSUSA)?
LAW AND ANALYSIS:
Classification of goods under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule
of the United States Annotated (HTSUSA) is governed by the
General Rules of Interpretation (GRIs). GRI 1 provides that
"classification shall be determined according to the terms of the
headings and any relative section or chapter notes and, provided
such headings or notes do not otherwise require, according to
[the remaining GRIs taken in order]."
Heading 6208, HTSUSA, provides for, among other things,
women's or girls' nightdresses, pajamas, negligees, bathrobes,
dressing gowns and similar articles. The Harmonized Commodity
Description and Coding System Explanatory Notes describe the
scope of heading 6208, in relevant part, as follows:
The heading also includes nightdresses, pyjamas, negliges,
bathrobes (including beachrobes), dressing gowns and similar
articles for women or girls' (garments usually worn
indoors).
The Explanatory Notes are not legally binding, but do represent
the official interpretation of the Harmonized System at the
international level.
Based upon an examination of the submitted nightshirt, style
2689, Customs agrees that it is a nightshirt which will be
principally used for wearing to bed and thus clearly falls in
heading 6208, HTSUSA. -3-
Bathrobe is defined in the Essential Terms of Fashion, by
Charlotte Mankey Calasibetta, at page 156, as:
1. Wraparound robe usually styled with long sleeves, a shawl
collar, and held closed with a sash. Worn primarily by men
and children, popular styles are made of plaid plain fabric.
2. Synonym for various types of robes.
An examination of the submitted robe, style 10674, reveals it is
clearly a bathrobe. It is a wraparound robe held closed by a
fabric belt and designed to be worn over matching sleepwear
components. Style 10674 is classifiable in heading 6208, HTSUSA.
The remaining garments, styles 10645 (pajama top) and style
10659 (long pajama pant) are described as pajama components,
i.e., top and bottoms. In HRL 088635 of May 24, 1991, and 089367
of July 31, 1991, Customs addressed the issue of the meaning of
the term "pajamas" for tariff purposes. Each ruling cited
various definitions of pajamas, including:
Essential Terms of Fashion: A Collection of Definitions,
published by Fairchild, defines pajamas, at 128, as: "one or
two-piece item of apparel originally designed for
sleeping...".
The American Heritage Dictionary, Second College Edition, at
page 893, "A loose-fitting garment consisting of trousers
and a jacket, worn for sleeping or lounging."
Webster's II New Riverside University Dictionary, (1984), at
845, "A loose-fitting garment having of (sic) trousers and a
jacket, worn for sleeping or lounging."
The rulings also referred to The Guidelines for the Reporting of
Imported Products in Various Textile and Apparel Categories, CIE
13/88, published by Customs in the December 28, 1988, Federal
Register, at pages 52563-52570, wherein pajamas are described as
being worn by both sexes and all ages, and...:
...consist[ing] of an upper part, pullover or coat style,
with long, short, or no sleeves and a lower part, short,
intermediate, or long trouser-like garments or of any style
panties. * * * Pajamas are sleepwear. Garments called
"sleepers" (sometimes called Dr. Denton's), one or two-piece
knit sleeping garments for girls', sizes 2-4 and boys' 2-7,
buttoning in front or back and with drop seats in the one-
piece style, are in this category. (at page 52569)
In both HRL 088635 and 089367, Customs concluded that no
support could be found for the proposition that the common
meaning of the term pajamas included the individual components of -4-
a pajama set standing alone. Thus, pajama bottoms imported
without their matching pajama tops are not classifiable as
pajamas. The same holds true for the opposite case. See, HRL
956202 of September 29, 1994, wherein Customs held that the
subject sleepwear (pajama) tops and sleepwear (pajama) bottoms
could not be classified as pajamas when imported in shipments of
only tops or only bottoms as they failed to meet the common and
commercially understood definition of pajamas, in their condition
as imported.
Customs views pajamas as composite goods. See, HRL 956202
and HRL 956492 of September 19, 1994. As composite goods and
based upon their condition as imported, shipments of equal
numbers of matching sleepwear (pajama) tops and sleepwear
(pajama) bottoms will be viewed by Customs as shipments of
composite goods that form a whole which is not normally sold as
separate parts and is commercially known as pajamas. Thus,
garments in such shipments will be classified as pajamas of
heading 6208, HTSUSA. Please note, that by the term "matching",
Customs is making reference not only to design, style and
coloring, but also to size. In regard to sizing, provided the
bulk of the shipment consists of garments (tops and bottoms)
which are matched as to size, a slight variation in sizing
between a limited number of tops and bottoms will not preclude
classification as pajamas.
As in HRL 956202, the sleepwear (pajama) components at issue
herein, may still be classifiable in heading 6208, HTSUSA, as
articles similar to the articles specifically named in the
heading. In deciding if the pajama tops and pajama bottoms
imported as individual articles are classifiable in heading 6208,
HTSUSA, we refer to the rule of statutory construction known as
ejusdem generis. In Van Dale Industries v. United States, Slip
Op. 94-54, (decided April 1, 1994), in discussing ejusdem
generis, the court stated:
One rule of statutory construction is ejusdem generis,
which means "of the same kind, class, or nature." Black's
Law Dictionary 464 (5th ed. 1979). This rule applies
"whenever a doubt arises as to whether a given article not
specifically named in the statute is to be placed in a class
of which some of the individual subjects are named."
[United States v. Damrak Trading Co., Inc., 43 CCPA 77, 79,
C.A.D. 611 (1956).] Under ejusdem generis, where particular
words of description are followed by general terms, the
latter will be regarded as referring to things of a like
class with those particularly described. Id. In other
words, ejusdem generis requires that merchandise possess the
particular characteristics or purposes that unite the
-5-
specified exemplars in order to be classified under the
general terms. See, Nissho-Iwasi Am. Corp. v. United States,
10 CIT 154, 157, 641 F. Supp. 808, 810 (1986) (citations
omitted).
Heading 6208, HTSUSA, specifically provides for women's and
girls' singlets and other undershirts, slips, petticoats, briefs,
panties, nightdresses, pajamas, negligees, bathrobes, dressing
gowns and similar articles. To apply ejusdem generis, we must
ascertain the shared characteristics or purposes of the named
garments in heading 6208, HTSUSA, and decide if styles 10645
(pajama top) and style 10659 (long pajama pant) possess those
same characteristics or purposes.
All of the articles named in heading 6208, HTSUSA, may be
characterized as "intimate apparel". They are garments which are
recognized as either underwear (the singlets and other
undershirts, slips, petticoats, briefs and panties), sleepwear
(the nightdresses, pajamas and negligees), or garments normally
worn indoors in the presence of family or close friends (the
negligees, bathrobes and dressing gowns). The explanatory note
cited earlier describes the coverage of heading 6208 as including
women's or girls' underclothing and, after naming the last five
exemplars, "garments usually worn indoors".
Customs is of the opinion that styles 10645 and 10659, as
individual articles which are marketed for use together, share
characteristics and purpose with the exemplars to heading 6208,
HTSUSA. You have informed Customs that these garments were
designed, manufactured and will be marketed by Eddie Bauer in its
catalogs as garments to be worn to bed. This information is
certainly a consideration in determining what these garments are
for classification purposes. However, of most importance are the
garments themselves. As the court stated in Mast Industries,
Inc. v. United States, 9 CIT 549, 552 (1985), aff'd 786 F. 2d
1144 (1986), "the merchandise itself may be strong evidence of
use." Citing United States v. Bruce Duncan Co., 50 CCPA 43, 46,
C.A.D. 817 (1963). Based upon an examination of these garments,
when imported together, instead of separately, they would be
clearly recognized and classified as sleepwear pajamas. As
sleepwear separates, although they remain sleepwear garments,
they are not classified as pajamas.
HOLDING:
The nightshirt, style 2689, is classifiable as a nightdress
in subheading 6208.21.0010, HTSUSA, which provides for women's
cotton woven nightdresses with two or more colors in the warp
and/or filling. The garment falls in textile category 351 and is
dutiable at 9.4 percent ad valorem.
-6-
The robe, style 10674, is classifiable as a women's cotton
woven bathrobe in subheading 6208.91.1010, HTSUSA, textile
category 350, dutiable at 8.4 percent ad valorem.
When imported together in shipments containing matching
equal numbers of tops (style 10645) and bottoms (style 10659),
styles 10645 and 10659 are classified as women's woven cotton
pajamas with two or more colors in the warp and/or filling in
subheading 6208.21.0010, HTSUSA, textile category 351 and
dutiable at 9.4 percent ad valorem.
When imported separately, or as unmatched extras in a
shipment, styles 10645 and 10659, are classifiable, ejusdem
generis, as similar articles in subheading 6208.91.3010, HTSUSA,
it is of the same class or kind, as the exemplars of heading
6208, HTSUSA. Garments classifiable in this subheading are
subject to a rate of duty of 11.8 percent ad valorem and fall
within textile category 352.
The designated textile and apparel category may be
subdivided into parts. If so, the visa and quota requirements
applicable to the subject merchandise may be affected. Since
part categories are the result of international bilateral
agreements which are subject to frequent renegotiations and
changes, to obtain the most current information available, we
suggest you check, close to the time of shipment, the Status
Report On Current Import Quotas (Restraint Levels), an internal
issuance of the U.S. Customs Service which is updated weekly and
is available for inspection at your local Customs office.
Due to the changeable nature of the statistical annotation
(the ninth and tenth digits of the classification) and the
restraint (quota/visa) categories, you should contact your local
Customs office prior to importation of this merchandise to
determine the current status of any import restraints or
requirements.
Sincerely,
John Durant, Director
Commercial Rulings Division