Amendments
2021—Subsec. (b)(2)(F). [Pub. L. 117–81] added subpar. (F).
2017—Subsec. (j)(2). [Pub. L. 115–91] struck out second period at end.
2016—[Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(1)], renumbered section 184 of this title as this section.
Subsec. (a). [Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(A)], substituted “exchange of ideas, and training” for “and exchange of ideas”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(B). [Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(B)(i)], substituted “exchange of ideas, and training” for “and exchange of ideas”.
Subsec. (b)(3). [Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(B)(ii)], struck out “, except as specifically provided by law after October 17, 2006” before period at end.
Subsec. (c). [Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(C)], inserted at end “The regulations shall prioritize within the respective areas of focus of each Regional Center the functional areas for engagement of territorial and maritime security, transnational and asymmetric threats, and defense sector governance.”
Subsec. (f)(3). [Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(D)(i)], designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted “security personnel” for “security civilian government officials”, and added subpar. (B).
Subsec. (f)(5). [Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(D)(ii)], substituted “under section 312 of this title are also available for the costs of the operation of the Regional Centers.” for “under the Latin American cooperation authority set forth in section 1050 of this title are also available for the costs of the operation of the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies.”
Subsecs. (h), (i). [Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(3)], added subsecs. (h) and (i).
Subsec. (j). [Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(4)], added subsec. (j).
2014—Subsec. (b)(2)(B). [Pub. L. 113–291] substituted “Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies” for “Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies”.
2013—Subsec. (b)(2)(C). [Pub. L. 112–239, § 2854(b)(1)(A)], substituted “The William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies” for “The Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies”.
Subsec. (f)(5). [Pub. L. 112–239, § 2854(b)(1)(B)], substituted “the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies” for “the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies”.
2011—Subsec. (h). [Pub. L. 112–81] struck out subsec. (h) which required the Secretary of Defense to submit an annual report on the operation of the Regional Centers for security studies during the preceding fiscal year.
2009—Subsec. (b)(3). [Pub. L. 111–84] substituted “October 17, 2006” for “the date of the enactment of this section”.
2008—Subsec. (f)(6). [Pub. L. 110–417] added par. (6).
2006—[Pub. L. 109–364] amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (c) relating to notification to Congress of the establishment of new regional centers, annual report on the operation of such centers, and definition of “regional center for security studies”.
Subsec. (b)(4). [Pub. L. 109–163] substituted “under section 2611 of this title.” for “under any of the following provisions of law:
“(A) Section 2611 of this title.
“(B) Section 1306 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995 ([Public Law 103–337]; [108 Stat. 2892]).
“(C) Section 1065 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 ([Public Law 104–201]; [110 Stat. 2653]; 10 U.S.C. 113 note).”
2003—Subsec. (b)(4). [Pub. L. 108–136] struck out “foreign” before “gifts”.
2001—Subsec. (a). [Pub. L. 107–107] substituted “October 30, 2000,” for “the date of the enactment of this section,” in introductory provisions.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2008 Amendment
[Pub. L. 110–417], [div. A], title IX, § 941(a)(2), Oct. 14, 2008, [122 Stat. 4576], provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 2008, and shall apply with respect to programs and activities under [former] section 184 of title 10, United States Code (as so amended) [now 10 U.S.C. 342], that begin on or after that date.”
Consortium To Study Irregular Warfare
[Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title II, § 222], Dec. 27, 2021, [135 Stat. 1600], provided that:“(a)
Establishment.—
The Secretary of Defense may establish a research consortium of institutions of higher education to study irregular warfare and the responses to irregular threats.
“(b)
Purposes.—
The purposes of the consortium under subsection (a) are as follows:
“(1)
To shape the formulation and application of policy through the conduct of research and analysis regarding irregular warfare.
“(2)
To maintain open-source databases on issues relevant to understanding terrorism, irregular threats, and social and environmental change.
“(3)
To serve as a repository for datasets regarding research on security, social change, and irregular threats developed by institutions of higher education that receive Federal funding.
“(4)
To support basic research in social science on emerging threats and stability dynamics relevant to irregular threat problem sets.
“(5)
To transition promising basic research—
“(A)
to higher stages of research and development; and
“(B)
into operational capabilities, as appropriate, by supporting applied research and developing tools to counter irregular threats.
“(6)
To facilitate the collaboration of research centers of excellence relating to irregular threats to better distribute expertise to specific issues and scenarios regarding such threats.
“(7)
To enhance educational outreach and teaching at professional military education schools to improve—
“(A)
the understanding of irregular threats; and
“(B)
the integration of data-based responses to such threats.
“(8)
To support classified research when necessary in appropriately controlled physical spaces.
“(9)
To support the work of a Department of Defense Functional Center for Security Studies in Irregular Warfare if such Center is established pursuant to section 1299L of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 ([Public Law 116–283]) [set out below].
“(10)
To carry out such other research initiatives relating to irregular warfare and irregular threats as the Secretary of Defense determines appropriate.
“(c)
Partnerships.—
If the Secretary of Defense establishes a research consortium under subsection (a), the Secretary shall encourage partnerships between the consortium and university-affiliated research centers and other research institutions, as appropriate.
“(d)
Institution of Higher Education Defined.—
In this section, the term ‘institution of higher education’ has the meaning given that term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (
20 U.S.C. 1001).”
Ted Stevens Center for Arctic Security Studies
[Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title X, § 1089], Jan. 1, 2021, [134 Stat. 3878], provided that:“(a)
Plan Required.—
“(1)
In general.—
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 1, 2021], the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a plan to establish a Department of Defense Regional Center for Security Studies for the Arctic.
“(2)
Elements.—
The plan required by paragraph (1) shall include the following:
“(A)
A description of the benefits of establishing such a center, including the manner in which the establishment of such a center would benefit United States and Department of Defense interests in the Arctic region.
“(B)
A description of the mission and purpose of such a center, including—
“(i)
enhancing understanding of the dynamics and national security implications of an emerging Arctic region, including increased access for transit and maneuverability; and
“(ii)
other specific policy guidance from the Office of the Secretary of Defense.
“(C)
An analysis of suitable reporting relationships with the applicable combatant commands.
“(D)
An assessment of suitable locations, which shall include an enumeration and valuation of criteria, which may include—
“(i)
the proximity of a location to other academic institutions that study security implications with respect to the Arctic region;
“(ii)
the proximity of a location to the designated lead for Arctic affairs of the United States Northern Command; and
“(iii)
the proximity of a location to a central hub of assigned Arctic-focused Armed Forces so as to suitably advance relevant professional development of skills unique to the Arctic region.
“(E)
A description of the establishment and operational costs of such a center, including for—
“(i)
military construction for required facilities;
“(ii)
facility renovation;
“(iii)
personnel costs for faculty and staff; and
“(iv)
other costs the Secretary considers appropriate.
“(F)
An evaluation of the existing infrastructure, resources, and personnel available at military installations and at universities and other academic institutions that could reduce the costs described in accordance with subparagraph (E).
“(G)
An examination of partnership opportunities with United States allies and partners for potential collaboration and burden sharing.
“(H)
A description of potential courses and programs that such a center could carry out, including—
“(i)
core, specialized, and advanced courses;
“(ii)
potential planning workshops;
“(iv)
confidence-building initiatives; and
“(I)
A description of any modification to title 10, United States Code, necessary for the effective operation of such a center.
“(3)
Form.—
The plan required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
“(b)
Establishment.—
“(1)
In general.—
Not earlier than 30 days after the submittal of the plan required by subsection (a), and subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary of Defense may establish and administer a Department of Defense Regional Center for Security Studies for the Arctic, to be known as the ‘Ted Stevens Center for Arctic Security Studies’, for the purpose described in
section 342(a) of title 10, United States Code.
“(2)
Location.—
Subject to a determination by the Secretary to establish the Ted Stevens Center for Arctic Security Studies under this section, the Center shall be established at a location determined suitable pursuant to subsection (a)(2)(D).”
Functional Center for Security Studies in Irregular Warfare
[Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, § 1299L], Jan. 1, 2021, [134 Stat. 4012], as amended by [Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title XII, § 1204(c)], Dec. 23, 2022, [136 Stat. 2830], provided that:“(a)
Report Required.—
“(1)
In general.—
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 1, 2021], the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report that assesses the merits and feasibility of establishing and administering a Department of Defense Functional Center for Security Studies in Irregular Warfare.
“(2)
Elements.—
The report required by paragraph (1) shall include the following:
“(A)
A description of the benefits to the United States, and the allies and partners of the United States, of establishing such a functional center, including the manner in which the establishment of such a functional center would enhance and sustain focus on, and advance knowledge and understanding of, matters of irregular warfare, including cybersecurity, nonstate actors, information operations, counterterrorism, stability operations, and the hybridization of such matters.
“(B)
A detailed description of the mission and purpose of such a functional center, including applicable policy guidance from the Office of the Secretary of Defense.
“(C)
An analysis of appropriate reporting and liaison relationships between such a functional center and—
“(i)
the geographic and functional combatant commands;
“(ii)
other Department of Defense stakeholders; and
“(iii)
other government and nongovernment entities and organizations.
“(D)
An enumeration and valuation of criteria applicable to the determination of a suitable location for such a functional center.
“(E)
A description of the establishment and operational costs of such a functional center, including for—
“(i)
military construction for required facilities;
“(ii)
facility renovation;
“(iii)
personnel costs for faculty and staff; and
“(iv)
other costs the Secretary of Defense considers appropriate.
“(F)
An evaluation of the existing infrastructure, resources, and personnel available at military installations, existing regional centers, interagency facilities, and universities and other academic and research institutions that could reduce the costs described in subparagraph (E).
“(G)
An examination of partnership opportunities with United States allies and partners for potential collaboration and burden sharing.
“(H)
A description of potential courses and programs that such a functional center could carry out, including—
“(i)
core, specialized, and advanced courses;
“(ii)
planning workshops and structured after-action reviews or debriefs;
“(iv)
initiatives on executive development, relationship building, partnership outreach, and any other matter the Secretary of Defense considers appropriate; and
“(v)
focused academic research and studies in support of Department priorities.
“(I)
A description of any modification to title 10, United States Code, or any other provision of law, necessary for the effective establishment and administration of such a functional center.
“(3)
Form.—
The report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
“(b)
Establishment.—
“(1)
In general.—
Not earlier than 30 days after the submittal of the report required by subsection (a), and subject to the availability of appropriated funds, the Secretary of Defense may establish and administer a Department of Defense Functional Center for Security Studies in Irregular Warfare.
“(2)
Limitation.—
No other institution or element of the Department may be designated as a Department of Defense functional center, except by an Act of Congress.
“(3)
Location.—
The location of a Department of Defense Functional Center for Security Studies in Irregular Warfare established under paragraph (1) shall be selected based on an objective, criteria-driven administrative or competitive award process.”
Framework for Obtaining Concurrence for Participation in Activities of Regional Centers for Security Studies
[Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XII, § 1214], Aug. 13, 2018, [132 Stat. 2027], provided that: “Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 13, 2018], the Secretary of Defense, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, shall establish and submit to the appropriate congressional committees, as such term is defined in section 301(1) of title 10, United States Code, a Memorandum of Agreement or other arrangement setting forth a framework for the procedures required between the Department of Defense and the Department of State to obtain the concurrence of the Secretary of State, as required by law or policy, to allow non-defense and non-governmental personnel of friendly foreign countries to participate in activities of the Department of Defense Regional Centers for Security Studies.”
Redesignation of the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies as the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies
[Pub. L. 113–291, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2861(a)], Dec. 19, 2014, [128 Stat. 3715], provided that: “The Department of Defense regional center for security studies known as the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies is hereby renamed the ‘Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies’.”
[Pub. L. 113–291, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2861(c)], Dec. 19, 2014, [128 Stat. 3716], provided that: “Any reference to the Department of Defense Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies in any law, regulation, map, document, record, or other paper of the United States shall be deemed to be a reference to the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies.”
Redesignation of the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies as the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies
[Pub. L. 112–239, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2854(a)], Jan. 2, 2013, [126 Stat. 2161], provided that: “The Department of Defense regional center for security studies known as the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies is hereby renamed the ‘William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies’ ”.
[Pub. L. 112–239, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2854(c)], Jan. 2, 2013, [126 Stat. 2162], provided that: “Any reference to the Department of Defense Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies in any law, regulation, map, document, record, or other paper of the United States shall be deemed to be a reference to the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies.”
Temporary Waiver of Reimbursement of Costs of Activities for Nongovernmental Personnel
[Pub. L. 110–417], [div. A], title IX, § 941(b), Oct. 14, 2008, [122 Stat. 4577], as amended by [Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title IX, § 941], Jan. 7, 2011, [124 Stat. 4340]; [Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title IX, § 953], Jan. 2, 2013, [126 Stat. 1895]; [Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title X, § 1094(b)], Dec. 26, 2013, [127 Stat. 878]; [Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title IX, § 913], Dec. 19, 2014, [128 Stat. 3474], provided a temporary waiver of reimbursement of costs of activities for nongovernmental personnel, prior to repeal by [Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, § 1241(e)(5)(A)], Dec. 23, 2016, [130 Stat. 2507].