Section, as added by Pub. L. 102–484, consists of text of Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VIII, § 832, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1508, revised by Pub. L. 102–484 by substituting “section 2323 of this title” for “section 1207 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1987 (10 U.S.C. 2301 note)” in subsec. (a). Section 832 of Pub. L. 101–189, which was formerly set out as a note under section 2301 of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title VIII, § 801(h)(5), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2445.

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, § 1838(b), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, § 1701(v)(2)(A), renumbered section 2323a of this title as this section.

2019—Pub. L. 116–92, § 1731(a)(39)(B)(i), struck out “and certain institutions of higher education” after “businesses” in section catchline.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 116–92, § 1731(a)(39)(B)(ii)(I), struck out “102 Stat. 2468;” before “25 U.S.C. 2703(4)).”

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 116–92, § 1731(a)(39)(B)(ii)(II), substituted “(25 U.S.C. 5304(d))” for “(25 U.S.C. 450b(d))”.

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 116–92, § 1731(a)(39)(B)(ii)(III), substituted “(25 U.S.C. 5304(e))” for “(25 U.S.C. 450b(e))”.

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–232 struck out “section 2323 of this title and” after “implementation of”.

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–201, which directed amendment of subsec. (a) by substituting “section 2323 of this title” for “section 1207 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1987 (10 U.S.C. 2301 note)”, could not be executed because the language “section 1207 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1987 (10 U.S.C. 2301 note)” did not appear. See Codification note above.

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–81 applicable as if included in the enactment of title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 as enacted, see section 1701(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and note below.

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.