2021—Subsecs. (a), (d). Pub. L. 116–283 substituted “Marine Corps, or Space Force” for “or Marine Corps” in introductory provisions in subsec. (a) and in subsec. (d).

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted “section 8146(e) or 8372” for “section 5596(e) or 6383” in introductory provisions and “section 7311, 8323, or 9311” for “section 3911, 6323, or 8911” in par. (3).

2003—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 108–136 substituted “paragraph” for “clause”.

2001—Pub. L. 107–107, § 505(d)(4)(B), struck out “regular” before “first lieutenants” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–107, § 505(d)(3), in introductory provisions, substituted “Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps on the active-duty list” for “Regular Army, Regular Air Force, or Regular Marine Corps” and “Navy on the active-duty list” for “Regular Navy” and struck out “regular” before “grade” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–107, § 505(a)(2), added subsec. (d).

1984—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–525 added subsec. (c).

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Section effective Sept. 15, 1981, but the authority to prescribe regulations under this section effective on Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701 of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.