Members of a regular component of the armed forces, and members of the Space Force on active duty under section 20105 of this title, including those awaiting discharge after expiration of their terms of enlistment; volunteers from the time of their muster or acceptance into the armed forces; inductees from the time of their actual induction into the armed forces; and other persons lawfully called or ordered into, or to duty in or for training in, the armed forces, from the dates when they are required by the terms of the call or order to obey it.

Cadets, aviation cadets, and midshipmen.

Retired members of a regular component of the armed forces who are entitled to pay.

Retired members of a reserve component, or retired members of the Space Force who qualified for a non-regular retirement and are receiving retired pay, who are receiving hospitalization from an armed force.

Members of the Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine Corps Reserve.

Persons in custody of the armed forces serving a sentence imposed by a court-martial.

Members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Public Health Service, and other organizations, when assigned to and serving with the armed forces.

Prisoners of war in custody of the armed forces.

In time of declared war or a contingency operation, persons serving with or accompanying an armed force in the field.

Subject to any treaty or agreement to which the United States is or may be a party or to any accepted rule of international law, persons serving with, employed by, or accompanying the armed forces outside the United States and outside the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.

Subject to any treaty or agreement to which the United States is or may be a party or to any accepted rule of international law, persons within an area leased by or otherwise reserved or acquired for the use of the United States which is under the control of the Secretary concerned and which is outside the United States and outside the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.

Individuals belonging to one of the eight categories enumerated in Article 4 of the Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, done at Geneva August 12, 1949 (6 UST 3316), who violate the law of war.

Retired members of the Space Force who qualified for a regular retirement under section 20603 of this title and are receiving retired pay.

submitted voluntarily to military authority;

met the mental competency and minimum age qualifications of sections 504 and 505 of this title at the time of voluntary submission to military authority;

received military pay or allowances; and

performed military duties;

Authority to order a member to active duty under paragraph (1) shall be exercised under regulations prescribed by the President.

A member may be ordered to active duty under paragraph (1) only by a person empowered to convene general courts-martial in a regular component of the armed forces or the Space Force.