12 USC 1842 - Acquisition of bank shares or assets

U.S Code last checked for updates: Nov 22, 2024

§ 1842.

Acquisition of bank shares or assets

(a)

Prior approval of Board as necessary; exceptions; disposition, time extension; subsequent approval or disposition upon disapproval

It shall be unlawful, except with the prior approval of the Board, (1) for any action to be taken that causes any company to become a bank holding company; (2) for any action to be taken that causes a bank to become a subsidiary of a bank holding company; (3) for any bank holding company to acquire direct or indirect ownership or control of any voting shares of any bank if, after such acquisition, such company will directly or indirectly own or control more than 5 per centum of the voting shares of such bank; (4) for any bank holding company or subsidiary thereof, other than a bank, to acquire all or substantially all of the assets of a bank; or (5) for any bank holding company to merge or consolidate with any other bank holding company. Notwithstanding the foregoing this prohibition shall not apply to (A) shares acquired by a bank, (i) in good faith in a fiduciary capacity, except where such shares are held under a trust that constitutes a company as defined in section 1841(b) of this title and except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 1841(g) of this title, or (ii) in the regular course of securing or collecting a debt previously contracted in good faith, but any shares acquired after May 9, 1956, in securing or collecting any such previously contracted debt shall be disposed of within a period of two years from the date on which they were acquired; (B) additional shares acquired by a bank holding company in a bank in which such bank holding company owned or controlled a majority of the voting shares prior to such acquisition; or (C) the acquisition, by a company, of control of a bank in a reorganization in which a person or group of persons exchanges their shares of the bank for shares of a newly formed bank holding company and receives after the reorganization substantially the same proportional share interest in the holding company as they held in the bank except for changes in shareholders’ interests resulting from the exercise of dissenting shareholders’ rights under State or Federal law if—

(i)

immediately following the acquisition—

(I)

the bank holding company meets the capital and other financial standards prescribed by the Board by regulation for such a bank holding company; and

(II)

the bank is adequately capitalized (as defined in section 1831o of this title);

(ii)

the holding company does not engage in any activities other than those of managing and controlling banks as a result of the reorganization;

(iii)

the company provides 30 days prior notice to the Board and the Board does not object to such transaction during such 30-day period; and

(iv)

the holding company will not acquire control of any additional bank as a result of the reorganization..1

 So in original.

The Board is authorized upon application by a bank to extend, from time to time for not more than one year at a time, the two-year period referred to above for disposing of any shares acquired by a bank in the regular course of securing or collecting a debt previously contracted in good faith, if, in the Board’s judgment, such an extension would not be detrimental to the public interest, but no such extension shall in the aggregate exceed three years. For the purpose of the preceding sentence, bank shares acquired after December 31, 1970, shall not be deemed to have been acquired in good faith in a fiduciary capacity if the acquiring bank or company has sole discretionary authority to exercise voting rights with respect thereto, but in such instances acquisitions may be made without prior approval of the Board if the Board, upon application filed within ninety days after the shares are acquired, approves retention or, if retention is disapproved, the acquiring bank disposes of the shares or its sole discretionary voting rights within two years after issuance of the order of disapproval.

(b)

Application for approval; notice to Comptroller of Currency or State authority; views and recommendations; disapproval; hearing; order of Board; nonaction deemed grant of application; procedure in emergencies or probable failures requiring immediate Board action and orders

(1)

Notice and hearing requirements

(2)

Waiver in case of bank in danger of closing

(c)

Factors for consideration by Board

(1)

Competitive factors

The Board shall not approve—

(A)

any acquisition or merger or consolidation under this section which would result in a monopoly, or which would be in furtherance of any combination or conspiracy to monopolize or to attempt to monopolize the business of banking in any part of the United States, or

(B)

any other proposed acquisition or merger or consolidation under this section whose effect in any section of the country may be substantially to lessen competition, or to tend to create a monopoly, or which in any other manner would be in restraint or 4

 So in original. Probably should be “of”.

trade, unless it finds that the anticompetitive effects of the proposed transaction are clearly outweighed in the public interest by the probable effect of the transaction in meeting the convenience and needs of the community to be served.

(2)

Banking and community factors

(3)

Supervisory factors

The Board shall disapprove any application under this section by any company if—

(A)

the company fails to provide the Board with adequate assurances that the company will make available to the Board such information on the operations or activities of the company, and any affiliate of the company, as the Board determines to be appropriate to determine and enforce compliance with this chapter; or

(B)

in the case of an application involving a foreign bank, the foreign bank is not subject to comprehensive supervision or regulation on a consolidated basis by the appropriate authorities in the bank’s home country.

(4)

Treatment of certain bank stock loans

(5)

Managerial resources

(6)

Money laundering

(7)

Financial stability

(d)

Interstate banking

(1)

Approvals authorized

(A)

Acquisition of banks

(B)

Preservation of State age laws

(i)

In general

(ii)

Special rule for State age laws specifying a period of more than 5 years

(C)

Shell banks

(D)

Effect on State contingency laws

No provision of this subsection shall be construed as affecting the applicability of a State law that makes an acquisition of a bank contingent upon a requirement to hold a portion of such bank’s assets available for call by a State-sponsored housing entity established pursuant to State law, if—

(i)

the State law does not have the effect of discriminating against out-of-State banks, out-of-State bank holding companies, or subsidiaries of such banks or bank holding companies;

(ii)

that State law was in effect as of September 29, 1994;

(iii)

the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has not determined that compliance with such State law would result in an unacceptable risk to the Deposit Insurance Fund; and

(iv)

the appropriate Federal banking agency for such bank has not found that compliance with such State law would place the bank in an unsafe or unsound condition.

(2)

Concentration limits

(A)

Nationwide concentration limits

(B)

Statewide concentration limits other than with respect to initial entries

The Board may not approve an application pursuant to paragraph (1)(A) if—

(i)

immediately before the consummation of the acquisition for which such application is filed, the applicant (including any insured depository institution affiliate of the applicant) controls any insured depository institution or any branch of an insured depository institution in the home State of any bank to be acquired or in any host State in which any such bank maintains a branch; and

(ii)

the applicant (including all insured depository institutions which are affiliates of the applicant), upon consummation of the acquisition, would control 30 percent or more of the total amount of deposits of insured depository institutions in any such State.

(C)

Effectiveness of State deposit caps

(D)

Exceptions to subparagraph (B)

The Board may approve an application pursuant to paragraph (1)(A) without regard to the applicability of subparagraph (B) with respect to any State if—

(i)

there is a limitation described in subparagraph (C) in a State statute, regulation, or order which has the effect of permitting a bank or bank holding company (including all insured depository institutions which are affiliates of the bank or bank holding company) to control a greater percentage of total deposits of all insured depository institutions in the State than the percentage permitted under subparagraph (B); or

(ii)

the acquisition is approved by the appropriate State bank supervisor of such State and the standard on which such approval is based does not have the effect of discriminating against out-of-State banks, out-of-State bank holding companies, or subsidiaries of such banks or holding companies.

(E)

“Deposit” defined

(3)

Community reinvestment compliance

In determining whether to approve an application under paragraph (1)(A), the Board shall—

(A)

comply with the responsibilities of the Board regarding such application under section 2903 of this title; and

(B)

take into account the applicant’s record of compliance with applicable State community reinvestment laws.

(4)

Applicability of antitrust laws

No provision of this subsection shall be construed as affecting—

(A)

the applicability of the antitrust laws; or

(B)

the applicability, if any, of any State law which is similar to the antitrust laws.

(5)

Exception for banks in default or in danger of default

The Board may approve an application pursuant to paragraph (1)(A) which involves—

(A)

an acquisition of 1 or more banks in default or in danger of default; or

(B)

an acquisition with respect to which assistance is provided under section 1823(c) of this title;

without regard to subparagraph (B) or (D) of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) or (3).

(e)

Insured depository institution

(f)

[Repealed]

(g)

Mutual bank holding company

(1)

Establishment

(2)

Regulations

(May 9, 1956, ch. 240, § 3, 70 Stat. 134; Pub. L. 89–485, § 7, July 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 237; Pub. L. 91–607, title I, § 102, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1763; Pub. L. 95–188, title III, §§ 301(a), 302, Nov. 16, 1977, 91 Stat. 1388, 1389; Pub. L. 96–221, title VII, §§ 712(b), (c), 713, Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 189, 190; Pub. L. 97–320, title I, §§ 118(c), 141(a)(4), title IV, § 404(d)(2), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1479, 1489, 1512; Pub. L. 100–86, title I, §§ 101(d), 107(b), title V, §§ 502(h)(1), 509(a), Aug. 10, 1987, 101 Stat. 561, 579, 628, 635; Pub. L. 101–73, title VI, § 602(b), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 409; Pub. L. 102–242, title II, §§ 202(d), 210, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2290, 2298; Pub. L. 103–325, title III, §§ 319(a), 322(c)(1), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2224, 2227; Pub. L. 103–328, title I, § 101(a), Sept. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 2339; Pub. L. 106–102, title I, §§ 105, 118, Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1359, 1373; Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 327(a)(1), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 318; Pub. L. 108–386, § 8(c)(2), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2232; Pub. L. 109–173, § 9(h)(2), Feb. 15, 2006, 119 Stat. 3618; Pub. L. 111–203, title VI, §§ 604(d), 607(a), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1601, 1607.)

cite as: 12 USC 1842