The Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163, which is classified principally to chapter 12 (§ 1101 et seq.) of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of Title 8 and Tables.

A prior section 278g, act Mar. 3, 1901, ch. 872, § 17, as added Mar. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–259, title I, § 102, 82 Stat. 35, related to grants to States, local governments, other non-Federal public agencies, and non-profit institutions, reimbursement of Federal agencies, delegation of powers, advance of public moneys, cooperation of Federal agencies, and issuance of rules and regulations, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 93–498, § 18, Oct. 29, 1974, 88 Stat. 1545.

2022—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–167 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary is authorized, notwithstanding any other provision of law, to expend such sums, within the limit of appropriated funds, as the Secretary may deem desirable, through the grant of fellowships or any other form of financial assistance, to defray the expenses of foreign nationals not in service to the Government of the United States while they are performing scientific or engineering work at the Institute or participating in the exchange of scientific or technical information at the Institute.”

1992—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–245 added subsec. (d).

1988—Pub. L. 100–418 substituted “Institute” for “National Bureau of Standards” wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 96–461, § 11, Oct. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 2052, provided that: “The effective date of sections 8 and 9 of this Act [enacting this section, amending section 278d of this title, and enacting provisions set out below] shall be October 1, 1980.”

Pub. L. 96–461, § 9, Oct. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 2051, as amended by Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5115(c), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1433, provided in part that this section was enacted “[i]n order to develop and strengthen the expertise of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in science and engineering, to enhance the Secretary’s ability to maintain the Institute’s programs at the forefront of worldwide developments in science and engineering, and to cooperate in international scientific activities”.