This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this title”. See References in Text note set out under section 78a of this title.

2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–203, § 929P(c), inserted “(including to the Commission in any action brought under paragraph (1) or (3) of section 78u(d) of this title)” after “controlled person is liable”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–203, § 762(d)(6)(A), struck out “(as defined in section 206B of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act)” after “security-based swap agreement”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 111–203, § 929O, inserted “or recklessly” after “knowingly”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 111–203, § 762(d)(6)(B), struck out “(as defined in section 206B of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act)” after “security-based swap agreements”.

2000—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title III, § 303(i)], amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: “Wherever communicating, or purchasing or selling a security while in possession of, material nonpublic information would violate, or result in liability to any purchaser or seller of the security under any provision of this chapter, or any rule or regulation thereunder, such conduct in connection with a purchase or sale of a put, call, straddle, option,, privilege, or security futures product with respect to such security or with respect to a group or index of securities including such security, shall also violate and result in comparable liability to any purchaser or seller of that security under such provision, rule, or regulation.”

Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title II, § 205(a)(3)], substituted “, privilege, or security futures product” for “or privilege”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title III, § 303(j)], added subsec. (f).

1998—Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 105–353 redesignated subsec. (f) as (e).

1995—Pub. L. 104–67, § 104(1), substituted “liability of controlling persons and persons who aid and abet violations” for “Liabilities of controlling persons” in section catchline.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–67, § 104(2), added subsec. (f).

1984—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–376 added subsec. (d).

1964—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88–467 extended application of provisions of subsec. (c) by substituting the prohibition against any officer or director of, or an owner of securities issued by, a company from hindering, delaying, or obstructing the preparation or filing of any report, document, or information required to be filed under this chapter for existing provisions applicable only to filings by companies with securities registered on a national securities exchange or subject to the provisions of section 78o(d) of this title.

1936—Subsec. (c). Act May 27, 1936, inserted “or any undertaking contained in a registration statement as provided in subsection (d) of section 78o of this title”.

Amendment by sections 929O and 929P(c) of Pub. L. 111–203 effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5301 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Amendment by section 762(d)(6) of Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the later of 360 days after July 21, 2010, or, to the extent a provision of subtitle B (§§ 761–774) of title VII of Pub. L. 111–203 requires a rulemaking, not less than 60 days after publication of the final rule or regulation implementing such provision of subtitle B, see section 774 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 77b of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–67 not to affect or apply to any private action arising under this chapter or title I of the Securities Act of 1933 (15 U.S.C. 77a et seq.), commenced before and pending on Dec. 22, 1995, see section 108 of Pub. L. 104–67, set out as a note under section 77l of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–376 effective Aug. 10, 1984, see section 7 of Pub. L. 98–376, set out as a note under section 78c of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 88–467 effective Aug. 20, 1964, see section 13 of Pub. L. 88–467, set out as a note under section 78c of this title.

Nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 104–67 to be deemed to create or ratify any implied right of action, or to prevent Commission, by rule or regulation, from restricting or otherwise regulating private actions under this chapter, see section 203 of Pub. L. 104–67, set out as a Construction note under section 78j–1 of this title.