Editorial Notes
Codification

The text of section 4(d) of Pub. L. 101–591, which was transferred and redesignated so as to appear as subsec. (e) of this section and amended by Pub. L. 106–514, was based on Pub. L. 101–591, § 4(d), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2933, formerly included in a note set out under this section.

In subsec. (e)(1), “chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41” substituted for “the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949” on authority of Pub. L. 107–217, § 5(c), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, which Act enacted Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and Pub. L. 111–350, § 6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–358, § 2(d)(1), inserted “replaced,” after “may be” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 115–358, § 2(d)(2), inserted “replaces such a map or” after “that specifically”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–358, § 3, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, and added par. (2).

2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–514, § 3(d), substituted “which shall consist of those undeveloped coastal barriers and other areas located on the coasts of the United States that are identified and generally depicted on the maps on file with the Secretary entitled ‘Coastal Barrier Resources System’, dated October 24, 1990, as those maps may be modified, revised, or corrected under—” and pars. (1) to (3) for “which shall consist of those undeveloped coastal barriers and other areas located on the coasts of the United States that are identified and generally depicted on the maps on file with the Secretary entitled ‘Coastal Barrier Resources System’, dated October 24, 1990, as such maps may be revised by the Secretary under section 4 of the Coastal Barrier Improvement Act of 1990.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–514, § 3(a), added subsec. (d).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–514, § 3(b)(1), transferred and redesignated the text of section 4(d) of Pub. L. 101–591 so as to appear as subsec. (e) of this section, in par. (1), substituted “180” for “one hundred and eighty” in introductory provisions and struck out “shall” before “publish” in subpar. (B), in par. (2), substituted “paragraph (1)(B)” for “subsection (d)(1)(B)”, and struck out par. (3), which required revision of maps as soon as practicable after a unit was added to the System. See Codification note above.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 106–514, § 3(c), added subsec. (f).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 106–514, § 2, added subsec. (g).

1999—Pub. L. 106–167, § 3(c)(3)(A), substituted “John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System” for “Coastal Barrier Resources System” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–167, § 3(c)(3)(B), substituted “the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System” for “the Coastal Barrier Resources System”.

1990—Pub. L. 101–591 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to establishment of Coastal Barrier Resources System consisting of undeveloped coastal barriers and other areas on United States coasts identified on maps entitled “Coastal Barrier Resources System” dated Oct. 24, 1990, as maintained and revised by the Secretary, for provisions which related to Coastal Barrier Resources System consisting of undeveloped coastal barriers on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States and included within the System on Apr. 19, 1983, and undeveloped coastal barriers along Great Lakes shore areas to be recommended by the Secretary and so designated by Congress, with maps to be revised by the Secretary and maintained by Office of Director of United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

1988—Pub. L. 100–707 amended section generally to provide that the Coastal Barrier Resources System include those undeveloped coastal barriers located on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States and included within the System on Apr. 19, 1983, and the Great Lakes barriers, to make all System maps available to public inspection, and to revise and update provisions for making boundary modifications.

1982—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 97–396 inserted “(but excluding maps T02 and T03)” after “A01 through T12”, and “and the maps designated T02A and T03A, dated December 8, 1982” after “and dated September 30, 1982”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Transfer of Functions

For transfer of all functions, personnel, assets, components, authorities, grant programs, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Under Secretary for Federal Emergency Management relating thereto, to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, see section 315(a)(1) of Title 6, Domestic Security.

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see former section 313(1) and sections 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Coastal Barrier Resources Reauthorization

Pub. L. 109–226, May 25, 2006, 120 Stat. 381, as amended by Pub. L. 115–358, § 4, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5081, provided that:

“SECTION 1.
SHORT TITLE.

“This Act may be cited as the ‘Coastal Barrier Resources Reauthorization Act of 2005’.

“SEC. 2.
DEFINITIONS.
“In this Act:
“(1)
Otherwise protected area.—
The term ‘otherwise protected area’ has the meaning given the term in section 12 of the Coastal Barrier Improvement Act of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 3503 note; Public Law 101–591).
“(2)
Pilot project.—
The term ‘pilot project’ means the digital mapping pilot project authorized under section 6 of the Coastal Barrier Resources Reauthorization Act of 2000 (16 U.S.C. 3503 note; Public Law 106–514).
“(3)
Secretary.—
The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of the Interior.
“(4)
System unit.—
The term ‘System unit’ has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (16 U.S.C. 3502).
“[SEC. 3.
Repealed. Pub. L. 115–358, § 4, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5081.]
“SEC. 4.
DIGITAL MAPPING PROJECT FOR THE REMAINING JOHN H. CHAFEE COASTAL BARRIER RESOURCES SYSTEM UNITS AND OTHERWISE PROTECTED AREAS.
“(a)
In General.—
The Secretary shall carry out a project to create digital versions of all of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System maps referred to in section 4(a) of the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (16 U.S.C. 3503(a)), including maps of otherwise protected areas, that were not included in the pilot project.
“(b)
Data.—
“(1)
Use of existing data.—
To the maximum extent practicable, in carrying out the project under this section, the Secretary shall use any digital spatial data in the possession of Federal, State, and local agencies, including digital orthophotos, color infrared photography, wetlands data, and property parcel data.
“(2)
Provision of data by other agencies.—
The head of a Federal agency that possesses any data referred to in paragraph (1) shall, on request of the Secretary, promptly provide the data to the Secretary at no cost.
“(3)
Provision of data by non-federal agencies.—
State and local agencies and any other non-Federal entities that possess data referred to in paragraph (1) are encouraged, on request of the Secretary, to promptly provide the data to the Secretary at no cost.
“(4)
Additional data.—
If the Secretary determines that any data necessary to carry out the project under this section does not exist, the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service shall enter into an agreement with the Director of the United States Geological Survey under which the United States Geological Survey, in cooperation with the heads of other Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall obtain and provide to the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service the data required to carry out this section.
“(5)
Data standards.—
All data used or created to carry out this section shall comply with—
“(A)
the National Spatial Data Infrastructure established by Executive Order No. 12906 (59 Fed. Reg. 17671) [43 U.S.C. 1457 note]; and
“(B)
any other standards established by the Federal Geographic Data Committee established by the Office of Management and Budget circular numbered A–16.
“(c)
Report.—
“(1)
In general.—
Not later than 5 years after the submission of the report under section 3(a), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Resources [now Committee on Natural Resources] of the House of Representatives a report regarding the digital maps created under this section.
“(2)
Consultation.—
The Secretary shall prepare the report required under paragraph (1)—
“(A)
in consultation with the Governors of the States in which the System units and otherwise protected areas are located; and
“(B)
after—
“(i)
providing an opportunity for the submission of public comments; and
“(ii)
considering any public comments submitted under clause (i).
“(3)
Contents.—
The report required under paragraph (1) shall contain—
“(A)
a description of the extent to which the boundary lines on the digital maps differ from the boundary lines on the original maps;
“(B)
a summary of the comments received from Governors, other government officials, and the public regarding the digital maps created under this section;
“(C)
recommendations for the adoption of the digital maps created under this section by Congress;
“(D)
recommendations for expansion of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System and otherwise protected areas, as in existence on the date of enactment of this Act [May 25, 2006];
“(E)
a summary and update on the implementation and use of the digital maps created under the pilot project; and
“(F)
a description of the feasibility of, and the amount of funding necessary for—
“(i)
making all of the System unit and otherwise protected area maps available to the public in digital format; and
“(ii)
facilitating the integration of digital System unit and otherwise protected area boundaries into Federal, State, and local planning tools.
“(d)
Authorization of Appropriations.—
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2010.
“SEC. 5.
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.”

[Amended section 3510 of this title.]

Digital Mapping Pilot Project

Pub. L. 106–514, § 6, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2396, provided that:

“(a)
In General.—
“(1)
Project.—
The Secretary of the Interior (referred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’), in consultation with the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, shall carry out a pilot project to determine the feasibility and cost of creating digital versions of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System maps referred to in section 4(a) of the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (16 U.S.C. 3503(a)) (as amended by section 3(d)).
“(2)
Number of units.—
The pilot project shall consist of the creation of digital maps for no more than 75 units and no fewer than 50 units of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System (referred to in this section as the ‘System’), ⅓ of which shall be otherwise protected areas (as defined in section 12 of the Coastal Barrier Improvement Act of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 3503 note; Public Law 101–591)).
“(b)
Data.—
“(1)
Use of existing data.—
To the maximum extent practicable, in carrying out the pilot project under this section, the Secretary shall use digital spatial data in the possession of State, local, and Federal agencies including digital orthophotos, and shoreline, elevation, and bathymetric data.
“(2)
Provision of data by other agencies.—
The head of a Federal agency that possesses data referred to in paragraph (1) shall, upon request of the Secretary, promptly provide the data to the Secretary at no cost.
“(3)
Additional data.—
If the Secretary determines that data necessary to carry out the pilot project under this section do not exist, the Secretary shall enter into an agreement with the Director of the United States Geological Survey under which the Director shall obtain, in cooperation with other Federal agencies, as appropriate, and provide to the Secretary the data required to carry out this section.
“(4)
Data standards.—
All data used or created to carry out this section shall comply with—
“(A)
the National Spatial Data Infrastructure established by Executive Order 12906 (59 Fed. Reg. 17671 (April 13, 1994)) [43 U.S.C. 1457 note]; and
“(B)
any other standards established by the Federal Geographic Data Committee established by Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16.
“(c)
Digital Maps Not Controlling.—
Any determination as to whether a location is inside or outside the System shall be made without regard to the digital maps created under this section.
“(d)
Report.—
“(1)
In general.—
Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 13, 2000], the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Resources [now Committee on Natural Resources] of the House of Representatives a report that describes the results of the pilot project and the feasibility, data needs, and costs of completing digital maps for the entire System.
“(2)
Contents.—
The report shall include a description of—
“(A)
the cooperative agreements that would be necessary to complete digital mapping of the entire System;
“(B)
the extent to which the data necessary to complete digital mapping of the entire System are available;
“(C)
the need for additional data to complete digital mapping of the entire System;
“(D)
the extent to which the boundary lines on the digital maps differ from the boundary lines on the original maps; and
“(E)
the amount of funding necessary to complete digital mapping of the entire System.
“(e)
Authorization of Appropriations.—
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $500,000 for each of fiscal years 2002 through 2004.”

Findings

Pub. L. 106–167, § 2, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1803, provided that: “Congress finds that—

“(1)
during the past 2 decades, Senator John H. Chafee was a leading voice for the protection of the environment and the conservation of the natural resources of the United States;
“(2)
Senator Chafee served on the Environment and Public Works Committee of the Senate for 22 years, influencing every major piece of environmental legislation enacted during that time;
“(3)
Senator Chafee led the fight for clean air, clean water, safe drinking water, and cleanup of toxic wastes, and for strengthening of the National Wildlife Refuge System and protections for endangered species and their habitats;
“(4)
millions of people of the United States breathe cleaner air, drink cleaner water, and enjoy more plentiful outdoor recreation opportunities because of the work of Senator Chafee;
“(5)
in 1982, Senator Chafee authored and succeeded in enacting into law the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (16 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) to minimize loss of human life, wasteful expenditure of Federal revenues, and damage to fish, wildlife, and other natural resources associated with the coastal barriers along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts; and
“(6)
to reflect the invaluable national contributions made by Senator Chafee during his service in the Senate, the Coastal Barrier Resources System should be named in his honor.”

Redesignation of Coastal Barrier Resources System

Pub. L. 106–167, § 3(a), (b), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1804, provided that:

“(a)
In General.—
The Coastal Barrier Resources System established by section 4(a) of the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (16 U.S.C. 3503(a)) is redesignated as the ‘John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System’.
“(b)
References.—
Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document, paper, or other record of the United States to the Coastal Barrier Resources System shall be deemed to be a reference to the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System.”

Revision of Maps for Units of System

The following acts directed the Secretary of the Interior to make technical revisions and corrections to maps relating to particular units of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System:

Pub. L. 115–358, § 2(a)–(c), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5078–5080, as amended by Pub. L. 116–9, title II, § 2402A(a), Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 747.

Pub. L. 114–314, § 1, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1535.

Pub. L. 114–128, § 1, Feb. 29, 2016, 130 Stat. 287.

Pub. L. 113–253, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2895.

Pub. L. 110–419, § 1, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4773.

Pub. L. 109–355, § 1, Oct. 16, 2006, 120 Stat. 2018.

Pub. L. 109–354, § 1, Oct. 16, 2006, 120 Stat. 2017.

Pub. L. 108–380, § 1, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2210.

Pub. L. 108–339, § 1, Oct. 18, 2004, 118 Stat. 1361.

Pub. L. 108–138, § 1, Dec. 1, 2003, 117 Stat. 1869.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. F, title I, § 155, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 246.

Pub. L. 106–360, § 1, Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1399.

Pub. L. 106–332, Oct. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 1306.

Pub. L. 106–128, § 1, Dec. 6, 1999, 113 Stat. 1652.

Pub. L. 106–116, § 1, Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1544.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(e) [title I, title I, § 134, title III, § 335], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–231, 2681–238, 2681–264, 2681–295.

Pub. L. 104–333, div. I, title II, § 220, Nov. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 4115.

Pub. L. 104–265, title II, § 201, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3289.

Pub. L. 104–148, § 2, May 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1378.

Pub. L. 103–461, § 1(a), (b), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4804.

Pub. L. 102–440, title III, § 303, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2234.

Correction of Errors in Maps; Modification of Boundaries; Additions to System

Pub. L. 101–591, § 4, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2932, as amended by Pub. L. 106–514, § 3(b)(1)(A), (2), Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2395, provided that:

“(a)
Technical Revision of Maps and Provision to State and Local Government.—
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 16, 1990], the Secretary shall—
“(1)
make such technical revisions to the maps referred to in section 4(a) of the Coastal Barrier Resources Act [16 U.S.C. 3503(a)] (as amended by section 3 of this Act) as may be necessary to correct existing clerical and typographical errors in the maps; and
“(2)
provide copies of the maps, as so revised, to—
“(A)
each State and each local government in which is located a unit of the System;
“(B)
the coastal zone management agency of each State—
“(i)
in which is located a unit of the System; and
“(ii)
which has a coastal zone management program approved pursuant to section 306 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1455); and
“(C)
appropriate Federal agencies.
“(b)
Recommendations of State and Local Governments for Boundary Modifications.—
(1)
Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 16, 1990]—
“(A)
a local government in which is located a unit of the System and which is in a State which has a coastal zone management program approved pursuant to section 306 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1455); and
“(B)
the coastal zone management agency of a State in which is located a unit of the System and which has such a program approved;
may each submit to the Secretary recommendations for minor and technical modifications to the boundaries of existing units of the System located in that local government or State, respectively.
“(2)
If, in the case of any minor and technical modification to the boundaries of System units made under the authority of section 4(e) of the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (16 U.S.C. 3503(e)), an appropriate chief executive officer of a State, county or equivalent jurisdiction, or State coastal zone management agency to which notice was given in accordance with this subsection files comments disagreeing with all or part of the modification and the Secretary makes a modification which is in conflict with such comments, or if the Secretary fails to adopt a modification pursuant to a proposal submitted by an appropriate State coastal zone management agency under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to the chief executive officer a written justification for the failure to make modifications consistent with such comments or proposals.
“(c)
Elections to Add to System.—
“(1)
Provision of maps by secretary.—
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 16, 1990], the Secretary shall provide—
“(A)
to each local government in which is located an undeveloped coastal barrier not included within the System; and
“(B)
to the Governor of each State in which such an area is located;
maps depicting those undeveloped coastal barriers not included within the System located in that local government or State, respectively.
“(2)
Elections.—
Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, a local government and the Governor of any State referred to in paragraph (1), and any qualified organization—
“(A)
may each elect to add to the System, as a new unit or as an addition to an existing unit, any area of qualified coastal barrier (or any portion thereof) which is owned or held by the local government, State, or qualified organization, respectively;
“(B)
shall notify the Secretary of that election; and
“(C)
shall submit to the Secretary a map depicting the area, if—
“(i)
the area (or portion) is not depicted on a map provided by the Secretary under paragraph (1); or
“(ii)
the local government, State, or qualified organization was not provided maps under paragraph (1).
“(3)
Effective date of election.—
An area elected by a local government, Governor of a State, or qualified organization to be added to the System under this subsection shall be part of the System effective on the date on which the Secretary publishes notice in the Federal Register under subsection (e)(1)(C) with respect to that election.
“[(d)
Redesignated section 3503(e) of this title.]
“(e)
Modification of Boundaries, Revision of Maps, and Publication of Notice.—
“(1)
In general.—
Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 16, 1990], the Secretary—
“(A)
based on recommendations submitted by local governments and State coastal zone management agencies under subsection (b), may make such minor and technical modifications to the boundaries of existing units of the System as are consistent with the purposes of the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (16 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) and are necessary to clarify the boundaries of those units;
“(B)
shall revise the maps referred to in section 4(a) of the Act [16 U.S.C. 3503(a)] (as amended by section 3 of this Act)—
“(i)
to reflect those modifications; and
“(ii)
to reflect each election of a local government, Governor of a State, or qualified organization to add an area to the System pursuant to subsection (c); and
“(C)
shall publish in the Federal Register notice of each such modification or election.
“(2)
Effective date of modifications.—
A modification of the boundaries of a unit of the System under paragraph (1)(A) shall take effect on the date on which the Secretary published notice in the Federal Register under paragraph (1)(C) with respect to that modification.”

Pacific Coastal Barrier Protection Study and Maps

Section 6 of Pub. L. 101–591 directed Secretary of the Interior, not later than 6 months after Nov. 16, 1990, to prepare and submit to Congress a study examining the need for protecting undeveloped coastal barriers along the Pacific coast of the United States south of 49 degrees north latitude through inclusion in the System; as soon as practicable after Nov. 16, 1990, to prepare maps identifying the boundaries of those undeveloped coastal barriers (as that term is defined in 16 U.S.C. 3502(1)) of the United States bordering the Pacific Ocean south of 49 degrees north latitude; and, not later than 12 months after Nov. 16, 1990, to submit to Congress maps identifying the boundaries of those undeveloped coastal barriers of the United States bordering the Pacific Ocean south of 49 degrees north latitude which the Secretary and the appropriate Governor consider to be appropriate for inclusion in the System.

Report Regarding Coastal Barrier Management

Pub. L. 101–591, § 8, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2937, which established the Coastal Barriers Task Force, provided for its membership, required the Task Force to submit a report to Congress regarding the Coastal Barrier Resources System not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on Nov. 16, 1990, and required the Task Force to terminate 90 days after submission of the report, was repealed by Pub. L. 106–514, § 4(b), Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2396.

Definitions

Pub. L. 101–591, § 12, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2940, as amended by Pub. L. 106–167, § 3(c)(6), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1804, provided that:

“For purposes of this Act [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note set out under section 3501 of this title]—
“(1)
the term ‘undeveloped coastal barrier’ means—
“(A)
a depositional geologic feature (such as a bay barrier, tombolo, barrier spit, or barrier island) that—
“(i)
is subject to wave, tidal, and wind energies, and
“(ii)
protects landward aquatic habitats from direct wave attack; and
“(B)
all associated aquatic habitats including the adjacent wetlands, marshes, estuaries, inlets, and nearshore waters;
but only if such features and associated habitats contain few manmade structures and these structures, and man’s activities on such features and within such habitats, do not significantly impede geomorphic and ecological processes.
“(2)
the term ‘otherwise protected area’ means an undeveloped coastal barrier within the boundaries of an area established under Federal, State, or local law, or held by a qualified organization, primarily for wildlife refuge, sanctuary, recreational, or natural resource conservation purposes;
“(3)
the term ‘qualified organization’ means such an organization under section 170(h)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 170(h)(3));
“(4)
the term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of the Interior; and
“(5)
the term ‘System’ means the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System established by the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (16 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), as amended by this Act.”