scientific research and monitoring that furthers the understanding of causes behind coral reef decline and degradation and the generally slow recovery following disturbances, including changing ocean chemistry, temperature-related bleaching, disease, and their associated impacts on coral physiology;

the development of monitoring or management options for communities or industries that are experiencing significant financial hardship;

the development of adaptation options to alleviate economic harm and job loss caused by damage to coral reef ecosystems;

the development of measures to help vulnerable communities or industries, with an emphasis on rural communities and businesses; and

the development of adaptation and management options for impacted tourism industries.