2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–392, § 11(2)(A), substituted “3 times” for “twice”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115–392, § 11(2)(B), substituted “subparagraph (A)” for “paragraph (1)”.

2008—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110–457 substituted “chapter 110, or section 1591” for “or chapter 110”.

2003—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–21 inserted “, unless section 3559(e) applies” before period at end.