2018—Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 115–141, § 104(2)(A)(i), added par. (9).

Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 115–141, § 104(2)(A)(ii), added par. (7).

2015—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 114–23 added par. (3).

2008—Subsecs. (b)(6), (c)(5). Pub. L. 110–401 substituted “section 2258A” for “section 227 of the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 13032)”.

2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–177, § 107(c), inserted “or (c)” after “Except as provided in subsection (b)”.

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 109–177, § 107(b)(1)(A), struck out “Federal, State, or local” before “governmental entity”.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 109–177, § 107(b)(1)(B), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: “to a governmental entity, if the provider reasonably believes that an emergency involving immediate danger of death or serious physical injury to any person justifies disclosure of the information;”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–177, § 107(a), added subsec. (d).

2003—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 108–21, § 508(b)(1)(C), which directed amendment of par. (5) by striking “or” at the end, could not be executed because “or” did not appear at the end. See 2002 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 108–21, § 508(b)(1)(D), added par. (6). Former par. (6) redesignated (7).

Subsec. (b)(6)(B). Pub. L. 108–21, § 508(b)(1)(A), struck out subpar. (B) which read as follows: “if required by section 227 of the Crime Control Act of 1990; or”.

Subsec. (b)(7), (8). Pub. L. 108–21, § 508(b)(1)(B), redesignated pars. (6) and (7) as (7) and (8), respectively.

Subsec. (c)(5), (6). Pub. L. 108–21, § 508(b)(2), added par. (5) and redesignated former par. (5) as (6).

2002—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 107–296, § 2207(d)(1)(A), formerly § 225(d)(1)(A), as renumbered by Pub. L. 115–278, § 2(g)(2)(I), struck out “or” at end.

Subsec. (b)(6)(A). Pub. L. 107–296, § 2207(d)(1)(B), formerly § 225(d)(1)(B), as renumbered by Pub. L. 115–278, § 2(g)(2)(I), inserted “or” at end.

Subsec. (b)(6)(C). Pub. L. 107–296, § 2207(d)(1)(C), formerly § 225(d)(1)(C), as renumbered by Pub. L. 115–278, § 2(g)(2)(I), struck out subpar. (C) which read as follows: “if the provider reasonably believes that an emergency involving immediate danger of death or serious physical injury to any person requires disclosure of the information without delay.”

Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 107–296, § 2207(d)(1)(D), formerly § 225(d)(1)(D), as renumbered by Pub. L. 115–278, § 2(g)(2)(I), added par. (7).

2001—Pub. L. 107–56, § 212(a)(1)(A), substituted “Voluntary disclosure of customer communications or records” for “Disclosure of contents” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 107–56, § 212(a)(1)(B), added par. (3).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–56, § 212(a)(1)(C), substituted “Exceptions for disclosure of communications” for “Exceptions” in heading and “A provider described in subsection (a)” for “A person or entity” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(6)(C). Pub. L. 107–56, § 212(a)(1)(D), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–56, § 212(a)(1)(E), added subsec. (c).

1998—Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 105–314 amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (6) read as follows: “to a law enforcement agency, if such contents—

“(A) were inadvertently obtained by the service provider; and

“(B) appear to pertain to the commission of a crime.”

1988—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 100–690 substituted “2517” for “2516”.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 21, 1986, and, in the case of conduct pursuant to a court order or extension, applicable only with respect to court orders or extensions made after such effective date, see section 202 of Pub. L. 99–508, set out as a note under section 2701 of this title.