Title I, referred to in subsec. (g)(2)(C), means title I of act June 17, 1930, ch. 497, which contains the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States and which is not set out in the Code. See notes preceding section 1202 of this title and Publication of Harmonized Tariff Schedule note set out under section 1202 of this title.

Provisions substantially the same, in most respects, as those in this section, were contained in act Oct. 3, 1913, ch. 16, § III, O, 38 Stat. 188, which substantially reenacted the provisions of Customs Administrative Act of June 10, 1890, ch. 407, § 16, 26 Stat. 138, as renumbered and reenacted without other change by the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of Aug. 5, 1909, ch. 6, § 28, 36 Stat. 100. Section III of the 1913 act was superseded and more closely assimilated to this section by act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 356, title IV, § 508, 42 Stat. 968, and repealed by section 643 thereof. Section 508 of the 1922 act was superseded by section 509 of act June 17, 1930, comprising this section, and repealed by section 651(a)(1) of the 1930 act.

Prior provisions similar to those in this section and section 1510 of this title were made by R.S. §§ 2922–2924, repealed by section 29 of the Customs Administrative Act of 1890, 26 Stat. 141.

2020—Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 116–113, § 209(b)(1), inserted at end “or a vehicle producer whose good is subject to a claim of preferential tariff treatment under the USMCA (as defined in section 4502 of this title),”.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 116–113, § 209(b)(2), substituted “a USMCA country (as defined in section 4502 of this title)” for “a NAFTA country (as defined in section 3301(4) of this title)”.

2002—Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 107–210 added par. (6).

1996—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 104–295, § 3(a)(1), substituted “(d)(1)(A)” for “(c)(1)(A)” in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 104–295, § 3(a)(10), substituted “officer designated pursuant to regulations” for “appropriate regional commissioner”.

1993—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–182, § 615(1)(A), substituted “, fees and taxes” for “and taxes” in two places in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–182, § 615(1)(B), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “examine, or cause to be examined, upon reasonable notice, any record, statement, declaration or other document, described in the notice with reasonable specificity, which may be relevant to such investigation or inquiry;”.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 103–182, § 615(1)(C), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “the person who imported, or knowingly caused to be imported, merchandise into the customs territory of the United States,”. See Construction of 1993 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 103–182, § 205(b), amended generally cl. (ii), as amended by Pub. L. 103–182, § 615(1)(C). Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: “exported merchandise, or knowingly caused merchandise to be exported, to Canada,”. See Construction of 1993 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (a)(2)(B), (C). Pub. L. 103–182, § 615(1)(C), amended subpars. (B) and (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpars. (B) and (C) read as follows:

“(B) any officer, employee, or agent of such person,

“(C) any person having possession, custody, or care of records relating to such importation, or”.

Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 103–182, § 615(1)(D), substituted a semicolon for comma at end.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 103–182, § 615(2), (3), added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–182, § 615(2), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d).

Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 103–182, § 615(4)(A), substituted “those” for “statements, declarations, or documents” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(1)(C)(i). Pub. L. 103–182, § 615(4)(B), inserted “, unless such customhouse broker is the importer of record on an entry” after “broker”.

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 103–182, § 615(4)(C), (D), substituted “the transactions described in section 1508 of this title” for “the import transactions”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(A). Pub. L. 103–182, § 615(4)(E), inserted “, fees,” after “duties”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(B). Pub. L. 103–182, § 615(4)(C), (D), substituted “the transactions described in section 1508 of this title” for “the import transactions”.

Subsecs. (e) to (g). Pub. L. 103–182, § 615(5), added subsecs. (e) to (g).

1986—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 99–570, § 3117(1), substituted “as defined in subsection (c)(1)(A)” for “required to be kept under section 1508 of this title” in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 99–570, § 3117(2), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “The term ‘records’ includes statements, declarations, or documents required to be kept under section 1508 of this title.”

1978—Pub. L. 95–410 substituted subsec. (a) to (c) provisions for examination of books and witnesses for prior provisions for examination of importer and others, which authorized appropriate customs officers to issue citations for examination under oath of any owner, importer, consignee, agent, or other person upon any material matter or thing respecting any imported merchandise then under consideration or previously imported within one year, in ascertaining the classification or the value thereof or the rate or amount of duty and to require production of any letters, accounts, contracts, invoices, or other documents relating to the merchandise, and the reduction of the testimony to writing, required the testimony to be filed and preserved under Customs Court rules, and authorized consideration of the evidence in subsequent proceedings relating to the merchandise.

1970—Pub. L. 91–271 substituted “Appropriate customs officer” for “Collectors and appraisers”.

1948—Act June 25, 1948, struck out “and judges and divisions of the United States Customs Court” after “Collectors and appraisers” in first sentence.

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–113 effective on the date the USMCA enters into force (July 1, 2020) and applicable with respect to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after that date, see section 209(d) of Pub. L. 116–113, set out as a note under section 1304 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–210 applicable to petitions for certification filed under part 2 or 3 of subchapter II of chapter 12 of this title on or after the date that is 90 days after Aug. 6, 2002, except as otherwise provided, see section 151 of Pub. L. 107–210, set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–295 applicable as of Dec. 8, 1993, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 104–295, set out as a note under section 1321 of this title.

Amendment by section 205(b) of Pub. L. 103–182 effective on the date the North American Free Trade Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States (Jan. 1, 1994), see section 213(b) of Pub. L. 103–182, formerly set out as an Effective Date note under former section 3331 of this title.

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 91–271, see section 203 of Pub. L. 91–271, set out as a note under section 1500 of this title.

Act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, § 38, 62 Stat. 992, provided that the amendment made by that act is effective Sept. 1, 1948.

Amendment by section 205(b) of Pub. L. 103–182 to be made after amendment by section 615 of Pub. L. 103–182 is executed, see section 212 of Pub. L. 103–182, formerly set out as a note under section 58c of this title.

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.