The Fair Credit Reporting Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is title VI of Pub. L. 90–321, as added by Pub. L. 91–508, title VI, § 601, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1127, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§ 1681 et seq.) of chapter 41 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 15 and Tables.

A prior section 1080a, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, § 430A, as added Pub. L. 99–272, title XVI, § 16023, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 349; amended Pub. L. 99–320, § 2(c), May 23, 1986, 100 Stat. 491, related to reports to credit bureaus and institutions of higher education, prior to the general revision of this part by Pub. L. 99–498.

2009—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 111–39, in introductory provisions, substituted “and (5)” for “and (6)” and “(a)(5)” for “(a)(6)”.

2008—Pub. L. 110–315, § 432(a)(1), substituted “consumer reporting agencies” for “credit bureaus” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–315, § 432(a)(2)(B)–(D), added pars. (1) and (3) and redesignated former pars. (1), (2) and (3) as (2), (4) and (5), respectively.

Pub. L. 110–315, § 432(a)(2)(A), in introductory provisions, substituted “the Secretary and” for “the Secretary,” and “an agreement with each consumer reporting agency” for “agreements with credit bureau organizations” in first sentence, “such consumer reporting agencies” for “such organizations” in two places and “insurance) or by” for “insurance), by” in second sentence, and “Secretary or” for “Secretary,” and “consumer reporting agencies” for “organizations” in third sentence.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–315, § 432(a)(3), substituted “consumer reporting agencies” for “organizations” and “subsection (a)(4)” for “subsection (a)(2)”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 110–315, § 432(a)(4)(A), substituted “consumer reporting agencies” for “organizations”.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 110–315, § 432(a)(4)(B)(i), substituted “subsection (a)(4)” for “subsection (a)(2)”.

Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 110–315, § 432(a)(4)(B)(ii), substituted “consumer reporting agencies” for “credit bureau organizations”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–315, § 432(a)(5), substituted “consumer reporting agency” for “credit bureau organization”.

1993—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 103–208 substituted a semicolon for the comma at end.

1992—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–325 struck out “or” at end of par. (1), added pars. (2) and (3), and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “with regard to an account on a loan on which the Secretary or the guaranty agency has paid a claim but not reported the account to a consumer reporting agency on or before October 1, 1985, 7 years from that date.”

1987—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–50 inserted sentence at end permitting an eligible institution to enter into arrangements with holders of delinquent loans made to borrowers for purpose of providing current information on borrower’s location or employment or to assist holder in contacting and influencing borrower to avoid default.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–208 effective as if included in the Higher Education Amendments of 1992, Pub. L. 102–325, except as otherwise provided, see section 5(a) of Pub. L. 103–208, set out as a note under section 1051 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–50 effective as if enacted as part of the Higher Education Amendments of 1986, Pub. L. 99–498, see section 27 of Pub. L. 100–50, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.