Section 903 of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1981, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(J), is section 903 of Pub. L. 96–342, which is set out as a note under section 2141 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Section 156(b) of the “Joint Resolution making further continuing appropriations and providing for productive employment for the fiscal year 1983, and for other purposes”, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(K), is section 156(b) of Pub. L. 97–377, which is set out as a note under section 402 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, referred to in subsec. (d)(9)(A), is div. A of Pub. L. 106–386, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1466, which is classified principally to chapter 78 (§ 7101 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7101 of Title 22 and Tables.

The National and Community Service Act of 1990, referred to in subsecs. (e)(2) and (i)(1), is Pub. L. 101–610, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3127, which is classified principally to chapter 129 (§ 12501 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Title I of the Act is classified principally to subchapter I (§ 12511 et seq.) of chapter 129 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12501 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (i)(4), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Part E of title IV of the Act is classified generally to part E (§ 670 et seq.) of subchapter IV of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendment by section 2(g)(19) of Pub. L. 103–208 (which was effective as if included in Pub. L. 102–325) was executed to this section as amended by Pub. L. 102–325 and Pub. L. 103–82, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

2020—Pub. L. 116–260 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section provided definitions for this part, including current balance of checking and savings accounts and special combat pay.

2014—Subsec. (b)(1)(I). Pub. L. 113–128 substituted “benefits received through participation in employment and training activities under title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act” for “benefits received through participation in employment and training activities under title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (29 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.)”.

2009—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–39, § 406(a)(6), substituted “12511” for “12571”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 111–39, § 406(a)(7), substituted “benefits under the following provisions of law” for “the following” in introductory provisions, added subpars. (A) to (L), and struck out former subpars. (A) to (J) which listed, respectively, the following provisions of law: title 10, chapter 2; title 10, chapter 106; title 10, chapter 107; title 37, chapter 2; title 38, chapter 30; title 38, chapter 31; title 38, chapter 32; title 38, chapter 35; Public Law 97–376, section 156; and Public Law 96–342, section 903.

Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 111–39, § 406(a)(8), substituted “12511” for “12571”.

2008—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–315, § 473(a)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted “subparagraph (B) and” after “provided in”, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110–315, § 473(a)(2), inserted “no portion of veterans’ education benefits received by an individual,” after “any program by an individual,”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 110–315, § 473(b), inserted “, except that the value of on-base military housing or the value of basic allowance for housing determined under section 403(b) of title 37 received by the parents, in the case of a dependent student, or the student or student’s spouse, in the case of an independent student, shall be excluded” before semicolon.

Subsec. (d)(1)(B), (C). Pub. L. 110–315, § 473(c), added subpars. (B) and (C) and struck out former subpars. (B) and (C) which read as follows:

“(B) is an orphan, in foster care, or a ward of the court, at any time when the individual is 13 years of age or older;

“(C) is an emancipated minor or is in legal guardianship as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in the individual’s State of legal residence;”.

Subsec. (e)(2) to (6). Pub. L. 110–315, § 473(d), added par. (2) and redesignated former pars. (2) to (5) as (3) to (6), respectively.

Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 110–315, § 473(e), struck out “veterans’ education benefits as defined in subsection (c) of this section, and” before “national service educational awards” and inserted “, but excluding veterans’ education benefits as defined in subsection (c)” before period at end.

2007—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110–84, § 604(a)(1), substituted “no portion of any” for “and no portion of any” and inserted “and no distribution from any qualified education benefit described in subsection (f)(3) that is not subject to Federal income tax,” after “section 25A of title 26,”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–84, § 604(a)(2), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which defined “untaxed income and benefits”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–153 added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “The term ‘untaxed income and benefits’ shall not include the amount of additional child tax credit claimed for Federal income tax purposes.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–84, § 604(a)(3)(A), (B), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. heading, redesignated former pars. (1), (2), (3) to (6), and (7) as subpars. (A), (B), (D) to (G), and (I), respectively, and realigned margins.

Subsec. (d)(1)(B), (C). Pub. L. 110–84, § 604(a)(3)(C), added subpars. (B) and (C) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: “is an orphan or ward of the court or was a ward of the court until the individual reached the age of 18;”.

Subsec. (d)(1)(H). Pub. L. 110–84, § 604(a)(3)(D), (E), added subpar. (H).

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 110–84, § 604(a)(3)(F), added par. (2).

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 110–84, § 604(a)(4), added par. (5).

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 110–84, § 604(a)(5), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: “A qualified education benefit shall not be considered an asset of a student for purposes of section 1087oo of this title.”

Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 110–84, § 604(a)(6)(A), inserted “, or a distribution that is not includable in gross income under section 529 of such title, under another prepaid tuition plan offered by a State, or under a Coverdell education savings account under section 530 of such title,” after “title 26”.

Subsec. (j)(4). Pub. L. 110–84, § 604(a)(6)(B), added par. (4).

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 110–84, § 604(a)(7), added subsec. (n).

2006—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 109–171, § 8019(a), inserted “or is currently serving on active duty in the Armed Forces for other than training purposes” before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 109–171, § 8019(b), inserted “qualified education benefits (except as provided in paragraph (3)),” after “tax shelters,”.

Subsec. (f)(2)(C). Pub. L. 109–171, § 8019(c), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (f)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 109–171, § 8019(d), added pars. (3) to (5).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 109–171, § 8019(e)(1), struck out “; tuition prepayment plans” at end of heading.

Subsec. (j)(2), (3). Pub. L. 109–171, § 8019(e)(2)–(4), struck out par. (2), redesignated par. (3) as (2), and added par. (3). Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows:

“(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), for purposes of determining a student’s eligibility for funds under this subchapter, tuition prepayment plans shall reduce the cost of attendance (as determined under section 1087ll of this title) by the amount of the prepayment, and shall not be considered estimated financial assistance.

“(B) If the institutional expense covered by the prepayment must be part of the student’s cost of attendance for accounting purposes, the prepayment shall be considered estimated financial assistance.”

1998—Subsec. (b)(14). Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(f)(12)(B)], struck out “Job Training Partnership Act noneducational benefits or” after “railroad retirement benefits, or”.

Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(15)(B)], substituted “Job Training Partnership Act noneducational benefits or benefits received through participation in employment and training activities under title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998” for “Job Training Partnership Act noneducational benefits”.

Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 105–244, § 479(1), inserted before period at end “, and national service educational awards or post-service benefits under title I of the National and Community Service Act of 1990”.

Subsec. (j)(3), (4). Pub. L. 105–244, § 479(2), (3), redesignated par. (4) as (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: “Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a national service educational award or post-service benefit under title I of the National and Community Service Act of 1990 shall not be treated as financial assistance for purposes of section 1087kk(3) of this title.”

1997—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–78, § 609(j), substituted “program by an individual, no” for “program by an individual, and no” and inserted “and no portion of any tax credit taken under section 25A of title 26,” before “shall be included”.

Subsec. (j)(4). Pub. L. 105–78, § 609(k), added par. (4).

1996—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 104–193 substituted “assistance under a State program funded” for “aid to families with dependent children under a State plan approved”.

1993—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103–82, § 102(c)(4), inserted “, and no portion of a national service educational award or post-service benefit received by an individual under title I of the National and Community Service Act of 1990,” after “by an individual”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(g)(17), made technical amendment to references to titles of the United States Code in subpars. (A) to (H).

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(g)(18), inserted before semicolon “or was a ward of the court until the individual reached the age of 18”.

Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(g)(19), realigned margin. See Codification note above.

Pub. L. 103–82, § 102(c)(5), added par. (3).

Subsecs. (k) to (m). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(g)(20), added subsecs. (k) to (m).

1992—Pub. L. 102–325 amended section generally, substituting subsecs. (a) to (j) for former subsecs. (a) to (i).

1990—Subsec. (d)(2)(F). Pub. L. 101–610, § 185(4), inserted “and living allowances as a result of participation in a program established under the National and Community Service Act of 1990)” after “other than parents”.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 101–610, § 185(3), added par. (3).

1988—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 100–369 added subsec. (i).

1987—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–50, § 14(28)(A), (B), substituted “paragraphs (2) through (4)” for “paragraphs (2) and (3)” and inserted “minus excludable income (as defined in subsection (f) of this section)” before period at end.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100–50, § 14(28)(C), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “The Secretary shall promulgate special regulations to permit, in the computation of family contributions for the programs under subpart 2 of part A and parts B, C, and E of this subchapter for any academic year the exclusion from family income of any proceeds of a sale of farm or business assets of that family if such sale results from a voluntary or involuntary foreclosure, forfeiture, liquidation, or bankruptcy.”

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 100–50, § 14(28)(D), added par. (4).

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 100–50, § 14(28)(E), substituted subsec. (b) consisting of pars. (1) to (14) for former subsec. (b) consisting of pars. (1) to (19), and substituted subsec. (c) consisting of pars. (1) to (14) for former subsec. (c) consisting of pars. (1) to (16).

Subsec. (d)(2)(F). Pub. L. 100–50, § 14(28)(F), substituted “annual total resources (including all sources of resources other than parents)” for “an annual total income”.

Subsecs. (f) to (h). Pub. L. 100–50, § 14(28)(G), added subsecs. (f) to (h).

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–260 effective July 1, 2024, except as otherwise expressly provided, and applicable with respect to award year 2024–2025 and each subsequent award year, as determined under this chapter, see section 701(b) of Pub. L. 116–260, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title. Implementation of amendment by Pub. L. 116–260 allowed on or after July 1, 2023, see section 102(c)(1)(A)(iii) of Pub. L. 117–103, set out as an On-Time Effective Date Permitted note under section 1070a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–128 effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Pub. L. 110–315, title IV, § 473(f), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3271, as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, title IV, § 406(c), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1950, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on July 1, 2010, except that the amendments made in subsection (e) [amending this section] shall take effect on July 1, 2009.”

Pub. L. 110–153, § 1(b), Dec. 21, 2007, 121 Stat. 1824, provided that: “This section [amending this section] and the amendment made by this section shall take effect on July 1, 2009.”

Pub. L. 110–84, title VI, § 604(b), Sept. 27, 2007, 121 Stat. 808, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall be effective on July 1, 2009.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–171 effective July 1, 2006, except as otherwise provided, see section 8001(c) of Pub. L. 109–171, set out as a note under section 1002 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 7, 1998, see section 480A of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1087kk of this title.

Amendment by section 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(15)(B)] of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 21, 1998, and amendment by section 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(f)(12)(B)] of Pub. L. 105–277 effective July 1, 2000, see section 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(g)(1), (2)(B)] of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 3502 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–193 effective July 1, 1997, with transition rules relating to State options to accelerate such date, rules relating to claims, actions, and proceedings commenced before such date, rules relating to closing out of accounts for terminated or substantially modified programs and continuance in office of Assistant Secretary for Family Support, and provisions relating to termination of entitlement under AFDC program, see section 116 of Pub. L. 104–193, as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under section 601 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–208 effective as if included in the Higher Education Amendments of 1992, Pub. L. 102–325, except as otherwise provided, see section 5(a) of Pub. L. 103–208, set out as a note under section 1051 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–82 effective Oct. 1, 1993, see section 123 of Pub. L. 103–82, set out as a note under section 1701 of Title 16, Conservation.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–325 applicable with respect to determinations of need under this part for award years beginning on or after July 1, 1993, see section 471(b) of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as a note under section 1087kk of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–50 effective as if enacted as part of the Higher Education Amendments of 1986, Pub. L. 99–498, see section 27 of Pub. L. 100–50, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 99–498, title IV, § 406(b)(5), formerly § 406(b)(4), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1475; renumbered § 406(b)(5), Pub. L. 100–50, § 22(e)(2), June 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 361, provided that: “The definition of independent student contained in section 480(d) of the Act [20 U.S.C. 1087vv(d)] as amended by subsection (a) of this section shall apply with respect to the determination of such need for periods of enrollment beginning on or after January 1, 1987, in the case of programs operated under part B of title IV of the Act [part B of this subchapter], or for periods of enrollment beginning on or after July 1, 1987, in the case of programs operated under subpart 2 of part A and parts C and E of such title [subpart 2 of part A of this subchapter and parts C and E of this subchapter].”

[References to subpart 2 of part A of title IV of Pub. L. 89–329 deemed, after July 23, 1992, to refer to subpart 3 of such part, see section 402(b) of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as a note under section 1070a–11 of this title.]