A prior section 1088, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, § 481, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title IV, § 451(a), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1443, defined “institution of higher education” for this subchapter, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 99–498.

Another prior section 1088, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, § 491, formerly § 461, as added Pub. L. 90–575, title I, § 151, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1032, renumbered § 491 and amended Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §§ 131(c), 137(b), title X, § 1001(c)(3), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 259, 272, 381; amended Pub. L. 95–180, § 1(b), Nov. 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 1372; Pub. L. 95–566, § 6, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2403; Pub. L. 96–49, § 5(e), Aug. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 352, defined terms for this subchapter, prior to the general revision of this part by Pub. L. 96–374.

2015—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 114–95 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7801 of this title.

2009—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–39 substituted “any State, or any private, for-profit or nonprofit organization,” for “or any State, or private, profit or nonprofit organization” in introductory provisions.

2008—Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 110–315, § 481(1), inserted “and that measures program length in credit hours or clock hours” after “baccalaureate degree”.

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 110–315, § 481(2), added subsecs. (e) and (f).

2006—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–171, § 8020(a), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “For the purpose of any program under this subchapter, the term ‘academic year’ shall require a minimum of 30 weeks of instructional time, and, with respect to an undergraduate course of study, shall require that during such minimum period of instructional time a full-time student is expected to complete at least 24 semester or trimester hours or 36 quarter hours at an institution that measures program length in credit hours, or at least 900 clock hours at an institution that measures program length in clock hours. The Secretary may reduce such minimum of 30 weeks to not less than 26 weeks for good cause, as determined by the Secretary on a case-by-case basis, in the case of an institution of higher education that provides a 2-year or 4-year program of instruction for which the institution awards an associate or baccalaureate degree.”

Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 109–171, § 8020(b), added pars. (3) and (4).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–171, § 8007(d), added subsec. (d).

1998—Pub. L. 105–244 redesignated subsecs. (d) to (f) as (a) to (c), respectively, and struck out former subsecs. (a) to (c) which defined the terms “institution of higher education”, “proprietary institution of higher education”, and “postsecondary vocational institution”. See section 1002 of this title.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 105–216, which directed the amendment of par. (4), effective 1 year after July 29, 1998, by designating existing provisions as subpar. (A), redesignating former subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, of subpar. (A), and by adding subpar. (B) to read as follows: “Subparagraph (A)(i) shall not apply to a nonprofit institution whose primary function is to provide health care educational services (or an affiliate of such an institution that has the power, by contract or ownership interest, to direct or cause the direction of the institution’s management or policies) that files for bankruptcy under chapter 11 of title 11 between July 1, and December 31, 1998.”, could not be executed because subsec. (a) did not contain a par. (4) subsequent to amendment by Pub. L. 105–244. See above.

1993—Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(h)(1), inserted before semicolon at end “, except that the Secretary, at the request of such institution, may waive the applicability of this subparagraph to such institution for good cause, as determined by the Secretary in the case of an institution of higher education that provides a 2-year or 4-year program of instruction for which the institution awards an associate or baccalaureate degree”.

Subsec. (a)(3)(D). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(h)(2), substituted “do not have a high school diploma or its recognized equivalent” for “are admitted pursuant to section 1091(d) of this title” and inserted before period at end “, except that the Secretary may waive the limitation contained in this subparagraph if a nonprofit institution demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that it exceeds such limitation because it serves, through contracts with Federal, State, or local government agencies, significant numbers of students who do not have a high school diploma or its recognized equivalent”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(h)(3), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “such institution has filed for bankruptcy; or”.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(h)(4), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “For the purpose of any program under this subchapter, the term ‘academic year’ shall require a minimum of 30 weeks of instructional time in which a full-time student is expected to complete at least 24 semester or trimester hours or 36 quarter hours at an institution which measures program length in credit hours or at least 900 clock hours at an institution which measures program length in clock hours.”

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(h)(5), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “The Secretary shall develop regulations to determine the quality of programs of less than 600 clock hours in length. Such regulations shall require, at a minimum, that the programs have a verified rate of completion of at least 70 percent and a verified rate of placement of at least 70 percent. Pursuant to these regulations and notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Secretary shall allow programs of less than 600 clock hours, but greater than 300 clock hours, in length to be eligible to participate in the programs authorized under part B of this subchapter.”

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(h)(6), substituted “individual, or any State,” for “State” in introductory provisions.

1992—Pub. L. 102–325, § 481(a), amended section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–325, § 481(a), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which contained pars. (1) and (2) defining “institution of higher education” and “accredited” and par. (3) which related to recognition of accreditation of eligible institutions of higher education.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–325, § 481(b)(4), struck out at end “For the purpose of this subsection, the Secretary shall publish a list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies or associations which he determines to be reliable authority as to the quality of training offered.”

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 102–325, § 481(b)(1), substituted “an eligible program” for “not less than a 6-month program”.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 102–325, § 481(b)(2), substituted “pursuant to part H of this subchapter,” for “for this purpose, and”.

Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 102–325, § 481(b)(3), substituted “years, and” for “years.” in cl. (5) and added cl. (6).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 102–325, § 481(c), substituted “an eligible program” for “not less than a six-month program”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–325, § 481(d), inserted “and award” after “Academic” in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For the purpose of any program under this subchapter, the term ‘academic year’ shall be defined by the Secretary by regulation.”

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–325, § 481(e), amended subsec. (e) generally, substituting provisions relating to eligible program for provisions relating to impact of loss of accreditation.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–325, § 481(f), added subsec. (f).

1991—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–26, § 2(d)(2)(A), repealed Pub. L. 101–508, § 3005(b). See 1990 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 102–26, § 2(a)(2), struck out “and who have the ability to benefit (as determined by the institution under section 1091(d) of this title) from the training offered by the institution” before period at end of second sentence, and struck out at end “The Secretary shall not promulgate regulations defining the admissions procedures or remediation programs that must be used by an institution in admitting students on the basis of their ability to benefit from the training offered and shall not, as a condition of recognition under section 413(e) of this Act, impose upon any accrediting body or bodies standards which are different or more restrictive than the standards provided in this subsection.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–26, § 2(a)(3), struck out before period at end “and who have the ability to benefit (as determined by the institution under section 1091(d) of this title) from the training offered by the institution”.

1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–508, which inserted “, except in accordance with section 1091(d) of this title,” after “shall not” in fourth sentence, was repealed by Pub. L. 102–26, § 2(d)(2)(A). See Construction of 1991 Amendment note below.

1989—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–239, § 2007(b)(1), substituted “Subject to subsection (e) of this section, for the purpose” for “For the purpose”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 101–239, § 2007(c), added par. (3).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–239, § 2007(b)(2), added subsec. (e).

1987—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–50 substituted “section 1091(d) of this title” for “subsection (d) of this section”.

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–171 effective July 1, 2006, except as otherwise provided, see section 8001(c) of Pub. L. 109–171, set out as a note under section 1002 of this title.

Amendment by section 8007(d) of Pub. L. 109–171 applicable with respect to all loans under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070 et seq.), see section 8007(f) of Pub. L. 109–171, set out as a note under section 1078 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–216 effective 1 year after July 29, 1998, see section 13 of Pub. L. 105–216, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4901 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–208 effective as if included in the Higher Education Amendments of 1992, Pub. L. 102–325, except as otherwise provided, see section 5(a) of Pub. L. 103–208, set out as a note under section 1051 of this title.

Pub. L. 102–325, title IV, § 498, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 634, provided that: “The changes made in part G of title IV of the Act [20 U.S.C. 1088 et seq.] by the amendments made by this part [part G (§§ 481–498) of title IV of Pub. L. 102–325, enacting sections 1091b, 1092c, 1094a, 1094b, 1098a, and 1098b of this title, amending sections 1088 to 1091, 1092, 1092b, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, and 1098 of this title, and repealing section 1096a of this title] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [July 23, 1992], except that—

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–26 applicable to any grant, loan, or work assistance to cover the cost of instruction for periods of enrollment beginning on or after July 1, 1991, see section 2(d)(1) of Pub. L. 102–26, set out as a note under section 1085 of this title.

Section 3005(c) of Pub. L. 101–508, which provided that the amendments made by section 3005 (amending this section and section 1091 of this title) were to apply to any grant, loan, or work assistance to cover the cost of instruction for periods of enrollment beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1991, was repealed by section 2(d)(2)(A) of Pub. L. 102–26. See Construction of 1991 Amendment note below.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–50 effective as if enacted as part of the Higher Education Amendments of 1986, Pub. L. 99–498, see section 27 of Pub. L. 100–50, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Nothing in amendment by section 8007(d) of Pub. L. 109–171 to be construed to authorize any refunding of any repayment of a loan, see section 8007(e) of Pub. L. 109–171, set out as a note under section 1078 of this title.

Pub. L. 102–26, § 2(d)(2)(A), Apr. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 124, provided that: “Section 3005 of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1990 [Pub. L. 101–508, amending this section and section 1091 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note above] is repealed. Sections 484(d) and 481(b) of the Act [20 U.S.C. 1091(d), 1088(b)] shall be applied as if such section 3005 had not been enacted.”

Pub. L. 102–325, title XV, § 1544, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 837, authorized institutions of higher education to voluntarily agree with other such institutions to award financial aid not awarded under this chapter to students attending such institutions only on basis of demonstrated financial need for such aid, and to discuss and adopt principles of professional judgment for determining student financial need for such aid, with exceptions for cases pending on July 23, 1992, and for discussions or agreements on prospective financial aid awards to specific common applicants, and provided that such authorization was to expire on Sept. 30, 1994, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382, title V, § 568(e)(2), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4061. See section 568(a)–(d) of Pub. L. 103–382, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.