Section was formerly classified to section 1232d of this title prior to its renumbering by Pub. L. 95–561.

A prior section 423 of Pub. L. 90–247 was classified to section 1231b of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382.

Another prior section 423 of Pub. L. 90–247 was renumbered section 439, and is classified to section 1232b of this title.

1994—Pub. L. 103–382, § 261(a), substituted “Secretary” for “Commissioner”.