For inflation adjustment of certain items in this section, see Revenue Procedures listed in a table under section 1 of this title.
The date of the enactment of this section, referred to in subsecs. (b)(3)(A) and (f)(2)(A), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–34 which was approved
The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (f)(2)(B), is Pub. L. 89–329,
2020—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–260, § 104(a)(1), added par. (1), redesignated par. (3) as (2), and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which provided income limitations for the American Opportunity Tax Credit and Lifetime Learning Credit, respectively.
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 116–260, § 104(a)(2), struck out subsec. (h) which related to inflation adjustments for the Lifetime Learning Credit for taxable years beginning after 2001.
2018—Pub. L. 115–141, § 101(l)(14), substituted “American Opportunity Tax Credit” for “Hope Scholarship Credit” wherever appearing in text.
Pub. L. 115–141, § 101(l)(9), substituted “American Opportunity” for “Hope” in section catchline.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–141, § 101(l)(11), substituted “American Opportunity Tax Credit” for “Hope Scholarship Credit” in heading.
Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 115–141, § 101(l)(1)(A), substituted “$2,000” for “$1,000”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115–141, § 101(l)(1)(B), substituted “25 percent” for “50 percent”, “$2,000” for “$1,000”, and “$4,000” for “the applicable limit”.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–141, § 101(l)(12), substituted “American Opportunity Tax Credit” for “Hope Scholarship Credit” in heading.
Subsec. (b)(2)(A), (C). Pub. L. 115–141, § 101(l)(2), substituted “4” for “2” in heading and text.
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 115–141, § 101(l)(3), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of paragraph (1)(B), the applicable limit for any taxable year is an amount equal to 2 times the dollar amount in effect under paragraph (1)(A) for such taxable year.”
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(b)(1), struck out “($5,000 in the case of taxable years beginning before
Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 115–141, § 101(l)(13), substituted “American Opportunity Tax Credit” for “Hope Scholarship” in heading.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–141, § 101(l)(4), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) related to limitation based on modified adjusted gross income.
Subsec. (f)(1)(D). Pub. L. 115–141, § 101(l)(5), added subpar. (D).
Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 115–141, § 101(l)(6), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, and added subpar. (B).
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 115–141, § 101(l)(7), amended subsec. (h) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (h) related to inflation adjustments.
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 115–141, § 101(l)(8), amended subsec. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (i) related to the American Opportunity Tax Credit in any taxable year beginning after 2008.
2017—Subsec. (h)(1)(A)(ii), (2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 115–97 substituted “for ‘calendar year 2016’ in subparagraph (A)(ii)” for “for ‘calendar year 1992’ in subparagraph (B)”.
2015—Subsec. (g)(3)(C). Pub. L. 114–27, § 804(a)(2), added subpar. (C).
Subsec. (g)(8). Pub. L. 114–27, § 804(a)(1), added par. (8).
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 114–113, § 102(a), struck out “and before 2018” after “2008” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (i)(6). Pub. L. 114–113, § 206(a)(2), added par. (6).
Pub. L. 114–113, § 206(a)(1), struck out par. (6). Text read as follows: “In the case of a taxpayer with respect to whom section 702(a)(1)(B) of the Heartland Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2008 applies for any taxable year, such taxpayer may elect to waive the application of this subsection to such taxpayer for such taxable year.”
Subsec. (i)(6)(C). Pub. L. 114–113, § 211(a), added subpar. (C).
Subsec. (i)(7). Pub. L. 114–113, § 208(a)(2), added par. (7).
2014—Subsec. (i)(3). Pub. L. 113–295 substituted “For purposes of determining the Hope Scholarship Credit, subsection (f)(1)(A) shall be applied” for “Subsection (f)(1)(A) shall be applied”.
2013—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 112–240, § 103(a)(1), substituted “after 2008 and before 2018” for “in 2009, 2010, 2011, or 2012” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (i)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 112–240, § 104(c)(2)(D), redesignated pars. (6) and (7) as (5) and (6), respectively, substituted “section 26(a)” for “section 26(a)(2) or paragraph (5), as the case may be” in par. (5), and struck out former par. (5) which related to credit allowed against alternative minimum tax.
2010—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 111–312, § 103(a)(1), substituted “, 2010, 2011, or 2012” for “or 2010” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (i)(5)(B). Pub. L. 111–148, § 10909(b)(2)(C), (c), as amended by Pub. L. 111–312, § 101(b)(1), temporarily substituted “25D” for “23, 25D,”. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2010 Amendment note below.
2009—Subsecs. (i), (j). Pub. L. 111–5 added subsec. (i) and redesignated former subsec. (i) as (j).
2001—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107–16, § 401(g)(2)(A), amended heading and text of subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:
“(1)
“(2)
Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, title I, § 104(c),
Amendment by section 101(l)(1) to (9), (11) to (14) of Pub. L. 115–141 effective as if included in the provision of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015, div. Q of Pub. L. 114–113, to which such amendment relates, see section 101(s) of Pub. L. 115–141, set out as a note under section 24 of this title.
Amendment by Pub. L. 115–97 applicable to taxable years beginning after
Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title I, § 102(c),
Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title II, § 206(b), “(1) The amendment made by subsection (a)(2) [amending this section] shall apply to any return of tax, and any amendment or supplement to any return of tax, which is filed after the date of the enactment of this Act [“(2) The amendment made by subsection (a)(1) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.”
Amendment by section 208(a)(2) of Pub. L. 114–113 applicable to taxable years beginning after
Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title II, § 211(c)(1),
Pub. L. 114–27, title VIII, § 804(d),
Amendment by Pub. L. 113–295 effective as if included in the provisions of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act of 2009, Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, to which such amendment relates, see section 209(k) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 24 of this title.
Amendment by section 103(a)(1) of Pub. L. 112–240 applicable to taxable years beginning after
Amendment by section 104(c)(2)(D) of Pub. L. 112–240 applicable to taxable years beginning after
Amendment by section 103(a)(1) of Pub. L. 111–312 applicable to taxable years beginning after
Amendment by Pub. L. 111–148 terminated applicable to taxable years beginning after
Amendment by Pub. L. 111–148 applicable to taxable years beginning after
Amendment by Pub. L. 111–5 applicable to taxable years beginning after
Pub. L. 107–16, title IV, § 401(h),
Pub. L. 105–34, title II, § 201(f), “(1) The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and section 6050S of this title and amending sections 135, 6213, and 6724 of this title] shall apply to expenses paid after “(2) Section 25A(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall apply to expenses paid after
For provisions that nothing in amendment by section 401(b)(1) of Pub. L. 115–141 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to
Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, § 1004(c), “(1) “(A) The Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to each possession of the United States with a mirror code tax system amounts equal to the loss to that possession by reason of the application of section 25A(i)(6) [now 25A(i)] of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section) with respect to taxable years beginning after 2008. Such amounts shall be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury based on information provided by the government of the respective possession.“(B) The Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to each possession of the United States which does not have a mirror code tax system amounts estimated by the Secretary of the Treasury as being equal to the aggregate benefits that would have been provided to residents of such possession by reason of the application of section 25A(i)(6) [now 25A(i)] of such Code (as so added) for taxable years beginning after 2008 if a mirror code tax system had been in effect in such possession. The preceding sentence shall not apply with respect to any possession of the United States unless such possession has a plan, which has been approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, under which such possession will promptly distribute such payments to the residents of such possession.“(2) Section 25A(i)(6) [now 25A(i)] of such Code (as added by this section) shall not apply to a bona fide resident of any possession of the United States.“(3) “(A) For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘possession of the United States’ includes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.“(B) For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘mirror code tax system’ means, with respect to any possession of the United States, the income tax system of such possession if the income tax liability of the residents of such possession under such system is determined by reference to the income tax laws of the United States as if such possession were the United States.“(C) For purposes of section 1324(b)(2) of title 31, United States Code, the payments under this subsection shall be treated in the same manner as a refund due from the credit allowed under section 25A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 by reason of subsection (i)(6) [now (i)(5)] of such section (as added by this section).”
[Amendments by Pub. L. 112–240, § 103(a)(2), and Pub. L. 114–113, § 102(b), were executed as the probable intent of Congress to section 1004(c)(1) of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act of 2009, set out above, which act is title I of div. B of Pub. L. 111–5, notwithstanding directory language amending section 1004(c)(1) of division B of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act of 2009.]