Section 3(2)(B)(ii) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (b)(5)(F), is classified to section 1002(2)(B)(ii) of Title 29, Labor.

Subchapter C of chapter 9 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, referred to in subsec. (c), was comprised of sections 1600 to 1611 of former Title 26, Internal Revenue Code. Subchapter C of chapter 9 was repealed by section 7851(a)(3) of this title. For table of comparisons of the 1939 Code to the 1986 Code, see table I preceding section 1 of this title. See, also, section 7851(e) of this title for provision that references in the 1986 Code to a provision of the 1939 Code, not then applicable, shall be deemed a reference to the corresponding provision of the 1986 Code, which is then applicable.

Sections 214(c) and 101(a)(15)(H) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(B), are classified to sections 1184(c) and 1101(a)(15)(H), respectively, of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

Sections 303(g), 903(c)(2), (d)(4), and 904(a) of the Social Security Act, referred to in subsecs. (f)(2), (4) and (t)(5), are classified to sections 503(g), 1103(c)(2), (d)(4), and 1104(a), respectively, of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act, referred to in subsec. (o)(1)(A)(i), is Pub. L. 97–470, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2584, which is classified generally to chapter 20 (§ 1801 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1801 of Title 29 and Tables.

The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, referred to in subsec. (v)(6), is Pub. L. 113–128, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1425, which enacted chapter 32 (§ 3101 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor, repealed chapter 30 (§ 2801 et seq.) of Title 29 and chapter 73 (§ 9201 et seq.) of Title 20, Education, and made amendments to numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of Title 29 and Tables.

2020—Subsec. (v)(6). Pub. L. 116–136 substituted “Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act” for “Workforce Investment Act of 1998”.

2018—Subsec. (b)(5)(F). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(212), substituted comma for semicolon at end.

Subsec. (c)(19). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(213), substituted “service” for “Service”.

Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(214), substituted “25 U.S.C. 5304(e)” for “25 U.S.C. 450b(e)”.

Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(215), substituted “this section” for “this part” in introductory provisions.

2015—Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 114–92 substituted “Secretary of Transportation” for “Secretary of Commerce” in par. (2) and concluding provisions.

2014—Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 113–295 struck out par. (12) which read as follows: “any contribution, payment, or service, provided by an employer which may be excluded from the gross income of an employee, his spouse, or his dependents, under the provisions of section 120 (relating to amounts received under qualified group legal services plans);”.

2012—Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 112–96, § 2161(b)(1)(B)(i), added par. (5) and struck out former par. (5) relating to short-time compensation which read as follows: “amounts may be withdrawn for the payment of short-time compensation under a plan approved by the Secretary of Labor; and”. Former par. (5) relating to self-employment assistance program redesignated (6).

Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 112–96, § 2161(b)(1)(B)(ii), redesignated par. (5) relating to self-employment assistance program as (6).

Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 112–96, § 2161(a)(1), added subsec. (v).

2008—Subsec. (b)(20). Pub. L. 110–245 added par. (20).

2004—Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 108–375 substituted “134(b)(4), or 134(b)(5)” for “or 134(b)(4)”.

Subsec. (b)(16). Pub. L. 108–357, § 320(b)(3), inserted “108(f)(4),” after “74(c),”.

Subsec. (b)(19). Pub. L. 108–357, § 251(a)(3), added par. (19).

2003—Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 108–121 substituted “, 129, or 134(b)(4)” for “or 129”.

Subsec. (b)(18). Pub. L. 108–173 added par. (18).

2002—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 107–147 inserted “or 903(d)(4)” before “of the Social Security Act”.

2000—Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title I, § 166(a)], inserted “or in the employ of an Indian tribe,” after “service performed in the employ of a State, or any political subdivision thereof,” and “or Indian tribes” after “wholly owned by one or more States or political subdivisions”.

Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title I, § 166(d)], added subsec. (u).

1997—Subsec. (c)(21). Pub. L. 105–33 added par. (21).

1996—Subsec. (b)(5)(H). Pub. L. 104–188, § 1421(b)(8)(C), added subpar. (H).

Subsec. (b)(17). Pub. L. 104–191 added par. (17).

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 104–188, § 1203(a), struck out “before January 1, 1995,” after “labor performed”.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 104–188, § 1704(t)(10), inserted a period at end.

1994—Subsec. (c)(19). Pub. L. 103–296 substituted “(J), (M), or (Q)” for “(J), or (M)” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (f)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 103–465 added par. (3) and redesignated former pars. (3) and (4) as (4) and (5) relating to payment of short-time compensation, respectively.

1993—Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 103–182, § 507(b)(2), added par. (5).

Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 103–182, § 507(a), added subsec. (t).

1992—Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 102–318, § 303(a), substituted “1995” for “1993”.

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 102–318, § 401(a)(2), added par. (4).

Subsec. (r)(1)(A). Pub. L. 102–318, § 521(b)(35), substituted “402(e)(3)” for “402(a)(8)”.

1989—Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 101–140 amended this section to read as if amendments by Pub. L. 100–647, § 1011B(a)(22)(C), had not been enacted, see 1988 Amendment note below.

1988—Subsec. (b)(5)(G). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1011B(a)(23)(A), inserted “if such payment would not be treated as wages without regard to such plan and it is reasonable to believe that (if section 125 applied for purposes of this section) section 125 would not treat any wages as constructively received” after “section 125)”.

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1001(g)(4)(B)(ii), inserted “(determined without regard to section 274(n))” after “section 217”.

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1018(u)(50), amended Pub. L. 99–272, § 13303(a), see 1986 Amendment notes below.

Subsec. (c)(19). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1001(d)(2)(C)(iii), substituted “(F), (J), or (M)” for “(F) or (J)” in three places.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 100–647, § 8016(a)(3)(B), substituted “paragraph (4) and subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph (3)” for “paragraph (3) and subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph (4)”.

Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1011B(a)(22)(C), added subsec. (t) relating to benefits provided under certain employee benefit plans.

1986—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1899A(44), substituted “workmen’s compensation” for “workman’s compensation”.

Subsec. (b)(5)(C). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1108(g)(8), added subpar. (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: “under a simplified employee pension if, at the time of the payment, it is reasonable to believe that the employee will be entitled to a deduction under section 219(b)(2) for such payment,”.

Subsec. (b)(5)(G). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1151(d)(2)(B), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1899A(45), substituted a semicolon for a comma.

Subsec. (b)(16). Pub. L. 99–514, § 122(e)(3), inserted reference to section 74(c).

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 99–595 substituted “January 1, 1993” for “January 1, 1988”.

Pub. L. 99–272, § 13303(a), as amended by Pub. L. 100–647, § 1018(u)(50), substituted “January 1, 1988” for “January 1, 1986”.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 99–272, § 12401(b)(2), added par. (3).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 99–509 substituted “paragraph (3) and subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph (4)” for “subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph (3)”.

Subsec. (o)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1884(3), substituted “Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act” for “Farm Labor Contractor Registration Act of 1963”.

1984—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–369, § 531(d)(3)(A), in provisions preceding par. (1), inserted “(including benefits)”.

Subsec. (b)(5)(C) to (G). Pub. L. 98–369, § 491(d)(37), struck out subpar. (C) which provided: “under or to a bond purchase plan which, at the time of such payment, is a qualified bond purchase plan described in section 405(a),” and redesignated subpars. (D) to (G) as (C) to (F), respectively.

Subsec. (b)(16). Pub. L. 98–369, § 531(d)(3)(B), added par. (16).

Subsec. (r)(1)(B). Pub. L. 98–369, § 2661(o)(4), substituted “section 414(h)(2) where the pickup referred to in such section is pursuant to a salary reduction agreement (whether evidenced by a written instrument or otherwise)” for “section 414(h)(2)”.

Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 98–369, § 1073(a), added subsec. (s).

1983—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–21, § 327(c)(4), added sentence at end providing that nothing in the regulations prescribed for purposes of chapter 24 (relating to income tax withholding) which provides an exclusion from “wages” as used in such chapter shall be construed to require a similar exclusion from “wages” in regulations prescribed for purposes of this chapter.

Pub. L. 98–21, § 324(b)(4)(B), added sentence at end providing that, except as otherwise provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, any third party which makes a payment included in wages solely by reason of parenthetical text contained in subpar. (A) of par. (2) shall be treated for purposes of this chapter and chapter 22 as the employer with respect to such wages.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–21, § 324(b)(3)(A), (4)(A), struck out “(A) retirement or”, redesignated subpars. (B) to (D) as (A) to (C), respectively, and in subpar. (A), as so redesignated, substituted “sickness or accident disability (but, in the case of payments made to an employee or any of his dependents, this subparagraph shall exclude from the term ‘wages’ only payments which are received under a workman’s compensation law)” for “sickness or accident disability”.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–21, § 324(b)(3)(B), struck out par. (3) which related to any payment made to an employee (including any amount paid by an employer for insurance or annuities, or into a fund, to provide for any such payment) on account of retirement.

Subsec. (b)(5)(D). Pub. L. 98–21, § 328(c), substituted “section 219(b)(2)” for “section 219”.

Subsec. (b)(5)(E) to (G). Pub. L. 98–21, § 324(b)(2), added subpars. (E) to (G).

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 98–21, § 324(b)(3)(B), struck out par. (8) which related to any payment (other than vacation or sick pay) made to an employee after the month in which he attained the age of 65, if he did not work for the employer in the period for which such payment was made.

Subsec. (b)(10)(A). Pub. L. 98–21, § 324(b)(3)(C), struck out cl. (iii) which related to retirement after attaining an age specified in the plan referred to in subpar. (B) or in a pension plan of the employer.

Subsec. (b)(14). Pub. L. 98–21, § 327(c)(1)–(3), added par. (14).

Subsec. (b)(15). Pub. L. 98–135, § 201(a), added par. (15).

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 98–135, § 202, substituted “1986” for “1984”.

Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 98–21, § 324(b)(1), added subsec. (r).

1982—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 97–248, § 271(a), substituted “$7,000” for “$6,000” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 97–248, § 277, substituted “1984” for “1982”.

Subsec. (c)(10)(C). Pub. L. 97–248, § 276(a)(1), struck out “under the age of 22” after “service performed by an individual”.

Subsec. (c)(20). Pub. L. 97–248, § 276(b)(1), added par. (20).

Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 97–248, § 276(b)(2), added subsec. (q).

1981—Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 97–34, § 124(e)(2)(A), substituted “section 127 or 129” for “section 127”.

Subsec. (c)(18), (19). Pub. L. 97–34, § 822(a), added par. (18) and redesignated former par. (18) as (19).

1980—Subsec. (b)(5)(D). Pub. L. 96–222 added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 96–499 struck out “(or the corresponding section of prior law)” after “section 3101” in subpar. (A) and inserted “with respect to remuneration paid to an employee for domestic service in a private home of the employer or for agricultural labor” following subpar. (B).

1979—Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 96–84, § 4(b), substituted “including labor performed by an alien” for “not taking into account labor performed before January 1, 1980, by an alien” in parenthetical text of cls. (i) and (ii).

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 96–84, § 4(a), substituted “January 1, 1982” for “January 1, 1980”.

1978—Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 95–472 added par. (12).

Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 95–600 added par. (13).

1977—Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 95–216 added subsec. (p).

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–566, § 114(a), redesignated existing provisions, consisting of an introductory phrase and pars. (1) and (2), as par. (1), consisting of an introductory phrase and subpars. (A) and (B), inserted provisions following subpar. (B) as so redesignated, and added pars. (2), (3), and (4).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 94–566, § 211(a), substituted “$6,000” for “$4,200” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b)(11). Pub. L. 94–566, § 111(a), added par. (11).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–566, § 116(b)(1), struck out “or in the Virgin Islands” after “agreement relating to unemployment compensation” in parenthetical provisions of cl. (B) preceding par. (1).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 94–566, § 111(b), inserted “unless” after “subsection (k))” and added subpars. (A) and (B).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 94–566, § 113(a), inserted “unless performed for a person who paid cash remuneration of $1,000 or more to individuals employed in such domestic service in any calendar quarter in the calendar year or the preceding calendar year” after “sorority”.

Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1903(a)(16)(A), struck out “52 Stat. 1094, 1095;” before “45 U.S.C. 351”.

Subsec. (c)(12)(B). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1906(b)(13)(C), substituted “to the Secretary of the Treasury” for “to the Secretary”.

Subsec. (c)(18). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1903(a)(16)(B), inserted “(8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(F) or (J))” after “Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1903(a)(16)(C), struck out “49 Stat. 640; 52 Stat. 1104, 1105;” before “42 U.S.C. 1104”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 94–566, § 116(b)(2), inserted reference to the Virgin Islands in pars. (1) and (2) and in provisions following par. (3).

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1903(a)(16)(D), struck out “on or after July 1, 1953,” after “service performed”.

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 94–566, § 112(a), added subsec. (o).

1970—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–373, § 101(a), expanded definition of “employer” by reducing from 4 to 1 the number of individuals which a person had to employ on each of some 20 days during the calendar year or the preceding calendar year in order to qualify as an employer and inserted provisions making a person an employer who paid wages of $1,500 or more during any calendar quarter in the calendar year or the preceding calendar year.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 91–373, § 302, substituted “$4,200” for “$3,000”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–373, § 105(a), inserted reference to service performed after 1971 outside the United States by a citizen of the United States as an employee of an American employer.

Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 91–373, § 106(a), designated existing provisions of subpar. (B) as cl. (i) thereof and added cl. (ii) of subpar. (B) and subpars. (C) and (D).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 91–373, § 102(a), substituted meaning assigned “employee” by section 3121(d) of this title, except that subpars. (B) and (C) of par. (3) were not applicable, as meaning of “employee” for purposes of this chapter for a definition of “employee” as persons including officers of corporations but not including independent contractors under common law rules or persons not employees under such rules.

Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 91–373, § 105(b), inserted definition of “American employer”.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 91–373, § 103(a), substituted as definition of “agricultural labor” a simple reference to that term as defined, with a minor exception, in section 3121 of this title for a full definition of the term, the result of which, in view of the substance of section 3121, excluded from the definition of agricultural labor services performed in connection with the production or harvesting of maple sirup, maple sugar, or mushrooms, or the hatching of poultry unless performed on a farm, and provided a new series of tests to determine whether the handling, planting, drying, packing, packaging, processing, freezing, grading, storing, or delivering agricultural or horticultural commodities constitute agricultural labor.

1969—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–53 made status of employer depend also on employment during preceding taxable year.

1968—Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 90–248 added par. (10).

1964—Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 88–650 added par. (9).

1962—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 87–792 substituted “is a plan described in section 403(a)” for “meets the requirements of section 401(a)(3), (4), (5), and (6)” in subpar. (B), and added subpar. (C).

1961—Subsec. (c)(18). Pub. L. 87–256 added par. (18).

1960—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 86–778, § 532(a), included employment on or in connection with an American aircraft within cl. (B) of the opening provisions.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 86–778, § 532(b), excluded service performed on or in connection with an aircraft that is not an American aircraft.

Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 86–778, § 531(c), substituted “wholly or partially owned” for “wholly owned” in cl. (A), and inserted “which specifically refers to such section (or the corresponding section of prior law) in granting such exemption” in cl. (B).

Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 86–778, § 533, substituted “service performed in the employ of a religious, charitable, educational, or other organization described in section 501(c)(3) which is exempt from income tax under section 501(a)” for “service performed in the employ of a corporation, community chest, fund, or foundation, organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, testing for public safety, literary, or educational purposes, or for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals, no part of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual, and no substantial part of the activities of which is carrying on propaganda, or otherwise attempting, to influence legislation.”

Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 86–778, § 534, struck out provisions which excepted from definition of “employment” service in connection with the collection of dues or premiums for a fraternal beneficiary society, order, or association which is preformed away from the home office or is ritualistic service in connection with any such society, order, or association, service performed in the employ of an agricultural or horticultural organization described in section 501(c)(5) of this title, service performed in the employ of a voluntary employees’ beneficiary association providing for the payment of life, sick, accident, or other benefits to members or their dependents or designated beneficiaries, and service performed in the employ of a school, college, or university, not exempt from income tax under section 501(a) of this title if such service is performed by a student who is enrolled and regularly attending classes.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 86–778, § 543(a), included the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and struck out “Hawaii” from definition of “State”, defined “United States”, and inserted provisions requiring an individual who is a citizen of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (but not otherwise a citizen of the United States) to be considered for purposes of this section, as a citizen of the United States.

Pub. L. 86–624 struck out “Hawaii, and” before “the District of Columbia”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 86–778, § 532(c), included aircraft in heading and defined “American aircraft”.

1959—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 86–70 struck out “Alaska,” before “Hawaii”.

1954—Subsec. (a). Act Sept. 1, 1954, changed definition of employer from “eight or more” to “4 or more”.

Subsec. (l). Act Sept. 1, 1954, repealed subsec. (l) which related to certain employees of Bonneville Power Administrator.

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–295 effective Dec. 19, 2014, subject to a savings provision, see section 221(b) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Pub. L. 112–96, title II, § 2161(a)(2), (3), Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat. 172, provided that:

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–245 effective as if included in section 5 of Pub. L. 110–142, see section 115(d) of Pub. L. 110–245, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–375 applicable to travel benefits provided after Oct. 28, 2004, see section 585(b)(3) of Pub. L. 108–375, set out as a note under section 134 of this title.

Amendment by section 251(a)(3) of Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to stock acquired pursuant to options exercised after Oct. 22, 2004, see section 251(d) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 421 of this title.

Amendment by section 320(b)(3) of Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to amounts received by an individual in taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2003, see section 320(c) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 108 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–173 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2003, see section 1201(k) of Pub. L. 108–173, set out as a note under section 62 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–121 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2002, see section 106(c) of Pub. L. 108–121, set out as a note under section 134 of this title.

Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title I, § 166(e)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–628, provided that:

Pub. L. 105–33, title V, § 5406(b), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 605, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply with respect to service performed after January 1, 1994.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–191 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1996, see section 301(j) of Pub. L. 104–191, set out as a note under section 62 of this title.

Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1203(b), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1773, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to services performed after December 31, 1994.”

Amendment by section 1421(b)(8)(C) of Pub. L. 104–188 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1996, see section 1421(e) of Pub. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section 72 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–465 applicable to payments made after Dec. 31, 1996, see section 702(d) of Pub. L. 103–465, set out as a note under section 3304 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–296 effective with calendar quarter following Aug. 15, 1994, see section 320(c) of Pub. L. 103–296, set out as a note under section 871 of this title.

Pub. L. 103–182, title V, § 507(e), Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2154, as amended by Pub. L. 105–306, § 3, Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2926, which provided that section 507 of Pub. L. 103–182 took effect on Dec. 8, 1993, was repealed by Pub. L. 116–113, title VI, § 601, Jan. 29, 2020, 134 Stat. 78, effective on the date the USMCA entered into force (July 1, 2020).

Amendment by section 521(b)(35) of Pub. L. 102–318 applicable to distributions after Dec. 31, 1992, see section 521(e) of Pub. L. 102–318, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–140 effective as if included in section 1151 of Pub. L. 99–514, see section 203(c) of Pub. L. 101–140, set out as a note under section 79 of this title.

Amendment by section 1011B(a)(22)(C) of Pub. L. 100–647 not applicable to any individual who separated from service with the employer before Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1011B(a)(22)(F) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Pub. L. 100–647, title I, § 1018(u)(50), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3593, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Apr. 7, 1986.

Amendment by sections 1001(d)(2)(C)(iii), (g)(4)(B)(ii), and 1011B(a)(23)(A) of Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Amendment by section 8016(a)(3)(B) of Pub. L. 100–647 effective Nov. 10, 1988, except that any amendment to a provision of a particular Public Law which is referred to by its number, or to a provision of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.], or to this title as added or amended by a provision of a particular Public Law which is so referred to, effective as though included or reflected in the relevant provisions of that Public Law at the time of its enactment, see section 8016(b) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 3111 of this title.

Amendment by section 122(e)(3) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to prizes and awards granted after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 151(c) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Amendment by section 1108(g)(8) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 1108(h) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 219 of this title.

Amendment by section 1151(d)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1983, see section 1151(k)(5) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 79 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–509 effective, except as otherwise provided, with respect to payments due with respect to wages paid after Dec. 31, 1986, including wages paid after such date by a State (or political subdivision thereof) that modified its agreement pursuant to section 418(e)(2) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, see section 9002(d) of Pub. L. 99–509, set out as a note under section 418 of Title 42.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–272 applicable to recoveries made on or after Apr. 7, 1986, and applicable with respect to overpayments made before, on, or after such date, see section 12401(c) of Pub. L. 99–272, set out as a note under section 503 of Title 42.

Amendment by section 491(d)(37) of Pub. L. 98–369 applicable to obligations issued after Dec. 31, 1983, see section 491(f)(1) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 62 of this title.

Amendment by section 531(d)(3) of Pub. L. 98–369 effective Jan. 1, 1985, see section 531(h) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as an Effective Date note under section 132 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title X, § 1073(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1053, provided that:

Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VI, § 2661(o)(4), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1159, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Jan. 1, 1985.

Pub. L. 98–135, title II, § 201(b), Oct. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 860, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to remuneration paid after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 24, 1983].”

Amendment by section 324(b)(1)–(4)(B) of Pub. L. 98–21 applicable to remuneration paid after Dec. 31, 1984, except for certain employer contributions made during 1984 under a qualified cash or deferred arrangement, and except in the case of an agreement with certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans in existence on Mar. 24, 1983, see section 324(d) of Pub. L. 98–21 set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Amendment by section 327(c)(1)–(3) of Pub. L. 98–21 applicable to remuneration paid after Dec. 31, 1984, see section 327(d)(3) of Pub. L. 98–21, as amended, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Amendment by section 327(c)(4) of Pub. L. 98–21 applicable to remuneration (other than amounts excluded under 26 U.S.C. 119) paid after Mar. 4, 1983, and to any such remuneration paid on or before such date which the employer treated as wages when paid, see section 327(d)(2) of Pub. L. 98–21, as amended, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Amendment by section 328(c) of Pub. L. 98–21 applicable to remuneration paid after Dec. 31, 1984, see section 328(d)(2) of Pub. L. 98–21, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Amendment by section 271(a) of Pub. L. 97–248 applicable to remuneration paid after Dec. 31, 1982, see section 271(d)(1) of Pub. L. 97–248, as amended, set out as a note under section 3301 of this title.

Pub. L. 97–248, title II, § 276(a)(2), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 558, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to services performed after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 3, 1982].”

Pub. L. 97–248, title II, § 276(b)(3), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 559, provided that: “The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to remuneration paid after December 31, 1982, and before January 1, 1984.”

Amendment by section 124(e)(2)(A) of Pub. L. 97–34 applicable to remuneration paid after Dec. 31, 1981, see section 124(f) of Pub. L. 97–34, set out as an Effective Date of 1981 Amendment note under section 21 of this title.

Pub. L. 97–34, title VIII, § 822(b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 351, as amended by Pub. L. 97–362, title II, § 203, Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1733; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title X, § 1074, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1053; Pub. L. 99–272, title XIII, § 13303(c)(1), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 327, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to remuneration paid after December 31, 1980.”

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 96–499, see section 1141(c) of Pub. L. 96–499, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–222 applicable to payments made on or after Jan. 1, 1979, see section 101(b)(1)(E) of Pub. L. 96–222, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Pub. L. 96–84, § 4(c), Oct. 10, 1979, 93 Stat. 654, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to remuneration paid after December 31, 1979, for services performed after such date.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–600 applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1978, see section 164(d) of Pub. L. 95–600, set out as an Effective Date note under section 127 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–472 applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 3(d) of Pub. L. 95–472, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–216 applicable with respect to wages paid after Dec. 31, 1978, see section 314(c) of Pub. L. 95–216, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–566, title I, § 111(c), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2667, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply with respect to remuneration paid after December 31, 1977, for services performed after such date.”

Pub. L. 94–566, title I, § 112(b), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2668, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to remuneration paid after December 31, 1977, for services performed after such date.”

Pub. L. 94–566, title I, § 113(b), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2669, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to remuneration paid after December 31, 1977, for services performed after such date.”

Pub. L. 94–566, title I, § 114(c), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2670, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 6157 of this title] shall apply with respect to remuneration paid after December 31, 1977, for services performed after such date.”

Amendment by section 116(b) of Pub. L. 94–566 applicable with respect to remuneration paid after Dec. 31 of the year in which the Secretary of Labor approves for the first time an unemployment compensation law submitted to him by the Virgin Islands for approval, for services performed after such Dec. 31, see section 116(f)(2) of Pub. L. 94–566, set out as a note under section 3304 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–566, title II, § 211(d)(1), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2677, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to remuneration paid after December 31, 1977.”

Pub. L. 91–373, title I, § 101(c)(1), Aug. 10, 1970, 84 Stat. 696, provided that: “The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b)(1) [amending this section and section 6157 of this title] shall apply with respect to calendar years beginning after December 31, 1971.”

Pub. L. 91–373, title I, § 102(c), Aug. 10, 1970, 84 Stat. 696, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to remuneration paid after December 31, 1971, for services performed after such date.”

Pub. L. 91–373, title I, § 103(b), Aug. 10, 1970, 84 Stat. 697, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to remuneration paid after December 31, 1971, for services performed after such date.”

Pub. L. 91–373, title I, § 105(c), Aug. 10, 1970, 84 Stat. 700, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply with respect to service performed after December 31, 1971.”

Pub. L. 91–373, title I, § 106(b), Aug. 10, 1970, 84 Stat. 701, provided that: “Subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to remuneration paid after December 31, 1969.”

Pub. L. 91–373, title III, § 302, Aug. 10, 1970, 84 Stat. 713, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective with respect to remuneration paid after Dec. 31, 1971.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–53 applicable with respect to calendar years beginning after Dec. 31, 1969, see section 4(a) of Pub. L. 91–53, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6157 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–248 applicable with respect to remuneration paid after Jan. 2, 1968, see section 504(d) of Pub. L. 90–248, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 88–650 applicable with respect to remuneration paid on or after first day of first calendar month which begins more than ten days after Oct. 13, 1964, see section 4(d) of Pub. L. 88–650, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 87–792 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1962, see section 8 of Pub. L. 87–792, set out as a note under section 22 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 87–256 applicable with respect to service performed after Dec. 31, 1961, see section 110(h)(3) of Pub. L. 87–256, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Amendment by sections 531(c) and 532 to 534 of Pub. L. 86–778 applicable with respect to remuneration paid after 1961 for services performed after 1961, see section 535 of Pub. L. 86–778, set out as a note under section 3305 of this title.

Pub. L. 86–778, title V, § 543(a), Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 986, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective with respect to remuneration paid after Dec. 31, 1960, for services performed after such date.

Amendment by Pub. L. 86–624 effective on Aug. 21, 1959, see section 18(k) of Pub. L. 86–624, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 86–70 effective Jan. 3, 1959, see section 22(i) of Pub. L. 86–70, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.

Act Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1212, § 1, 68 Stat. 1130, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective with respect to services performed after Dec. 31, 1955.

Act Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1212, § 4(c), 68 Stat. 1135, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective with respect to services performed after Dec. 31, 1954.

Pub. L. 116–127, div. D, § 4104, Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 194, which required the Secretary of Labor to provide States with technical assistance and guidance for short-time compensation programs, was repealed by Pub. L. 116–136, div. A, title II, § 2111(d), Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 333. See section 9029 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

No inference to be drawn from amendment to subsec. (b)(13) of this section by section 106 of Pub. L. 108–121 with respect to tax treatment of any amounts under program described in section 134(b)(4) of this title for any taxable year beginning before Jan. 1, 2003, see section 106(d) of Pub. L. 108–121, set out as a note under section 134 of this title.

Pub. L. 103–182, title V, § 507(c), (d), Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2154, which set out reporting requirements related to self-employment assistance programs, was repealed by Pub. L. 116–113, title VI, § 601, Jan. 29, 2020, 134 Stat. 78, effective on the date the USMCA entered into force (July 1, 2020).

For purposes of this chapter, the term “wages” shall not include the amount of any refund required under section 421 of Pub. L. 100–360, 42 U.S.C. 1395b note, see section 10202 of Pub. L. 101–239, set out as a note under section 1395b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

No monies appropriated by Pub. L. 101–136 to be used to implement or enforce section 1151 of Pub. L. 99–514 or the amendments made by such section, see section 528 of Pub. L. 101–136, set out as a note under section 89 of this title.

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle D [§§ 1401–1465] of title I of Pub. L. 104–188 require an amendment to any plan or annuity contract, such amendment shall not be required to be made before the first day of the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1998, see section 1465 of Pub. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle B [§§ 521–523] of title V of Pub. L. 102–318 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1994, see section 523 of Pub. L. 102–318, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§ 1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§ 1800–1899A] of Pub. L. 99–514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Pub. L. 99–514, title XVII, § 1705, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2780, provided that:

Pub. L. 99–272, title XIII, § 13303(b), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 327, provided that: “Notwithstanding paragraph (3) of section 276(b) of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 [see Effective Date of 1982 Amendments note above], the amendments made by paragraphs (1) and (2) of such section 276(b) [amending this section] shall also apply to remuneration paid after September 19, 1985.”

Pub. L. 98–21, title III, § 324(b)(4)(C), Apr. 20, 1983, 97 Stat. 124, provided that: “Rules similar to the rules of subsections (d) and (e) of section 3 of the Act entitled ‘An Act to amend the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1981 to restore minimum benefits under the Social Security Act’ (Public Law 97–123), approved December 29, 1981 [set out as notes under section 3121 of this title], shall apply in the administration of section 3306(b)(2)(A) of such Code (as amended by subparagraph (A)).”

Applicability of subsec. (c)(6) of this section to Federal land banks, Federal intermediate credit banks, and banks for cooperatives, see section 531(g) of Pub. L. 86–778, set out as a note under section 3305 of this title.