Editorial Notes
Amendments

2014—Subsec. (e)(3)(D). Pub. L. 113–295 substituted “if section 430(h)(2)(D)” for “if—

“(i) section 430(h)(2)(D)”

and “described in such section.” for “described in such section,” and struck out cls. (ii) and (iii) which applied section 430(h)(2)(G)(i)(II) of this title by substituting “section 417(e)(3)(A)(ii)(II)” for “section 412(b)(5)(B)(ii)(II)” and listed the applicable percentage under section 430(h)(2)(G) for plan years beginning in 2008 to 2011.

2012—Subsec. (e)(3)(C), (D). Pub. L. 112–141 substituted “section 430(h)(2)(C) (determined by not taking into account any adjustment under clause (iv) thereof)” for “section 430(h)(2)(C)”.

2008—Subsec. (e)(3)(D)(i). Pub. L. 110–458 substituted “subparagraph (C)” for “clause (ii)”.

2006—Subsec. (a)(1)(A)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 109–280, § 1004(a)(1), added cl. (ii) and redesignated former cl. (ii) as (iii).

Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 109–280, § 1004(a)(3), inserted “and of the qualified optional survivor annuity” before comma at end.

Subsec. (a)(6)(A). Pub. L. 109–280, § 1102(a)(1)(A), substituted “180-day” for “90-day”.

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 109–280, § 302(b), reenacted heading without change and amended text of par. (3) generally, substituting provisions relating to determination of present value by using the applicable mortality table and the applicable interest rate, provisions defining “applicable mortality table” and “applicable interest rate”, and provisions relating to determination of the adjusted first, second, and third segment rates, for provisions relating to determination of present value, provisions defining “applicable mortality table” and “applicable interest rate”, and provisions stating exception for a distribution from a plan that was adopted and in effect before the date of the enactment of the Retirement Protection Act of 1994.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–280, § 1004(a)(2), added subsec. (g).

2002—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 107–147, § 411(r)(1)(A), substituted “exceed the amount that can be distributed without the participant’s consent under section 411(a)(11)” for “exceed the dollar limit under section 411(a)(11)(A)”.

Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 107–147, § 411(r)(1)(B), substituted “exceeds the amount that can be distributed without the participant’s consent under section 411(a)(11)” for “exceeds the dollar limit under section 411(a)(11)(A)”.

1997—Subsec. (e)(1), (2). Pub. L. 105–34 substituted “dollar limit” for “$3,500” in headings of pars. (1) and (2) and “the dollar limit under section 411(a)(11)(A)” for “$3,500” in text of pars. (1) and (2)(A).

1996—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 104–188 added par. (7).

1994—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 103–465 amended par. (3) generally, substituting present provisions for provisions directing that present value be calculated by using a rate no greater than the applicable interest rate or 120 percent of such rate, depending upon amount of vested accrued benefit, and defining “applicable interest rate”.

1989—Subsec. (a)(3)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 101–239 added sentence at end and struck out former subcl. (V) which read as follows: “A reasonable period after separation from service in case of a participant who separates before attaining age 35.”

1988—Subsec. (e)(3)(A). Pub. L. 100–647 substituted “clause (ii)” for “subclause (II)” in last sentence.

1986—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(15)(A), substituted “section 401(a)(11)” for “section 401(a)(ii)”.

Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(4)(A)(i), substituted “paragraphs (2), (3), and (4)” for “paragraphs (2) and (3)”.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(6)(A), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “the spouse of the participant consents in writing to such election, and the spouse’s consent acknowledges the effect of such election and is witnessed by a plan representative or a notary public, or”.

Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(5)(A), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: “Each plan shall provide to each participant, within the period beginning with the first day of the plan year in which the participant attains age 32 and ending with the close of the plan year preceding the plan year in which the participant attains age 35 (and consistent with such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe), a written explanation with respect to the qualified preretirement survivor annuity comparable to that required under subparagraph (A).”

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(4)(A)(ii), added par. (4). Former par. (4) redesignated (5).

Subsec. (a)(5), (6). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(4)(A)(ii), (11)(A), redesignated former par. (4) as (5) and inserted in subpar. (A) “if such benefit may not be waived (or another beneficiary selected) and” before “if the plan”. Former par. (5) redesignated (6).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(15)(B), substituted “survivor annuity for the life of” for “survivor annuity or the life of”.

Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(1)(A), inserted “In the case of an individual who separated from service before the date of such individual’s death, subparagraph (A)(ii)(I) shall not apply.”

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(9)(A)(i), substituted “the portion of the account balance of the participant (as of the date of death) to which the participant had a nonforfeitable right (within the meaning of section 411(a))” for “the account balance of the participant as of the date of death”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(9)(A)(ii), added par. (3).

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1139(b), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: “For purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), the present value of a qualified joint and survivor annuity or a qualified preretirement survivor annuity shall be determined as of the date of the distribution and by using an interest rate not greater than the interest rate which would be used (as of the date of the distribution) by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation for purposes of determining the present value of a lump sum distribution on plan termination.”

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(8)(A), substituted “such participant’s accrued benefit” for “the accrued benefit derived from employer contributions”.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(12)(A), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “The term ‘annuity starting date’ means the first day of the first period for which an amount is received as an annuity (whether by reason of retirement or disability).”

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(4)(A)(iii), added par. (5) and redesignated former par. (5) as (6).

Subsec. (f)(6), (7). Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(10)(A), added par. (6) and redesignated former par. (6) as (7).

Pub. L. 99–514, § 1898(b)(4)(A)(iii), redesignated former par. (5) as (6).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–295 effective Dec. 19, 2014, subject to a savings provision, see section 221(b) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 applicable with respect to plan years beginning after December 31, 2011, except as otherwise provided, see section 40211(c) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as a note under section 404 of this title.

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–458 effective as if included in the provisions of Pub. L. 109–280 to which the amendment relates, except as otherwise provided, see section 112 of Pub. L. 110–458, set out as a note under section 72 of this title.

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–280, title III, § 302(c), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 921, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1055 of Title 29, Labor] shall apply with respect to plan years beginning after December 31, 2007.”

Pub. L. 109–280, title X, § 1004(c), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1055, provided that:

“(1)
In general.—
The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1055 of Title 29, Labor] shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2007.
“(2)
Special rule for collectively bargained plans.—
In the case of a plan maintained pursuant to 1 or more collective bargaining agreements between employee representatives and 1 or more employers ratified on or before the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 17, 2006], the amendments made by this section shall not apply to plan years beginning before the earlier of—
“(A)
the later of—
“(i)
January 1, 2008, or
“(ii)
the date on which the last collective bargaining agreement related to the plan terminates (determined without regard to any extension thereof after the date of enactment of this Act), or
“(B)
January 1, 2009.”

Pub. L. 109–280, title XI, § 1102(a)(3), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1056, provided that: “The amendments and modifications made or required by this subsection [amending this section and section 1055 of Title 29, Labor] shall apply to years beginning after December 31, 2006.”

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–147 effective as if included in the provisions of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, Pub. L. 107–16, to which such amendment relates, see section 411(x) of Pub. L. 107–147, set out as a note under section 25B of this title.

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–34 applicable to plan years beginning after Aug. 5, 1997, see section 1071(c) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 411 of this title.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1451(c), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1816, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1055 of Title 29, Labor] shall apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 1996.”

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–465 applicable to plan years and limitation years beginning after Dec. 31, 1994, except that employer may elect to treat such amendment as effective on or after Dec. 8, 1994, with provisions relating to reduction of accrued benefits, exception, and timing of plan amendment, see section 767(d) of Pub. L. 103–465, as amended, set out as a note under section 411 of this title.

Effective Date of 1989 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–239 effective as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 7863 of Pub. L. 101–239, set out as a note under section 106 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by section 1139(b) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to distributions in plan years beginning after Dec. 31, 1984, except that such amendments shall not apply to any distributions in plan years beginning after Dec. 31, 1984, and before Jan. 1, 1987, if such distributions were made in accordance with the requirements of the regulations issued under the Retirement Equity Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98–397, with additional provisions relating to reductions in accrued benefits, see section 1139(d) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 411 of this title.

Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1898(b)(4)(C), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2946, provided that:

“(i)
The amendments made by this paragraph [amending this section and section 1055 of Title 29, Labor] shall apply with respect to loans made after August 18, 1985.
“(ii)
In the case of any loan which was made on or before August 18, 1985, and which is secured by a portion of the participant’s accrued benefit, nothing in the amendments made by sections 103 and 203 of the Retirement Equity Act of 1984 [sections 103 and 203 of Pub. L. 98–397, enacting this section and amending section 401 of this title and section 1055 of Title 29] shall prevent any distribution required by reason of a failure to comply with the terms of such loan.
“(iii)
For purposes of this subparagraph, any loan which is revised, extended, renewed, or renegotiated after August 18, 1985, shall be treated as made after August 18, 1985.”

Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1898(b)(6)(C), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2948, provided that: “The amendments made by this paragraph [amending this section and section 1055 of Title 29, Labor] shall apply to plan years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1986].”

Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, § 1898(b)(8)(C), as added by Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, § 7862(d)(2), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2434, provided that: “The amendments made by this paragraph [amending this section and section 1055 of Title 29, Labor] shall apply to distributions after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1986].”

Amendment by section 1898(b)(1)(A), (5)(A), (9)(A), (10)(A), (11)(A), (12)(A), (15)(A), (B) of Pub. L. 99–514 effective as if included in the provision of the Retirement Equity Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98–397, to which such amendment relates, except as otherwise provided, see section 1898(j) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to plan years beginning after Dec. 31, 1984, except as otherwise provided, see sections 302 and 303 of Pub. L. 98–397, set out as an Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note under section 1001 of Title 29, Labor.

Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1998

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle D [§§ 1401–1465] of title I of Pub. L. 104–188 require an amendment to any plan or annuity contract, such amendment shall not be required to be made before the first day of the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1998, see section 1465 of Pub. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§ 1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§ 1800–1899A] of Pub. L. 99–514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.