Pub. L. 117–328, div. AA, title VI, § 601(a)(1), (h),
(9) Qualifying smoke alarms
(A) In general
Each public housing agency shall ensure that a qualifying smoke alarm is installed in accordance with applicable codes and standards published by the International Code Council or the National Fire Protection Association and the requirements of the National Fire Protection Association Standard 72, or any successor standard, in each level and in or near each sleeping area in any dwelling unit in public housing owned or operated by the public housing agency, including in basements but excepting crawl spaces and unfinished attics, and in each common area in a project containing such a dwelling unit.
(B) Definitions
For purposes of this paragraph, the following definitions shall apply:
(i) Smoke alarm defined
The term “smoke alarm” has the meaning given the term “smoke detector” in section 2225(d) of title 15.
(ii) Qualifying smoke alarm defined
The term “qualifying smoke alarm” means a smoke alarm that—
(I) in the case of a dwelling unit built before
(aa)(AA) is hardwired; or
(BB) uses 10-year non rechargeable, nonreplaceable primary batteries and is sealed, is tamper resistant, and contains silencing means; and
(bb) provides notification for persons with hearing loss as required by the National Fire Protection Association Standard 72, or any successor standard; or
(II) in the case of a dwelling unit built or substantially rehabilitated after
See 2022 Amendment note below.
Section 1437f(c)(3)(B) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–276, title V, § 550(a)(3)(A)(ii),
Section 519(d) of the Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A)(ii), is section 519(d) of Pub. L. 105–276 which is set out as a note below.
The effective day of such Act and the effective date of such Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2)(A)(ii) and (b)(6)(B)(ii), probably means the general effective date for the Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998, Pub. L. 105–276, title V, included in section 503 of the Act which is set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under section 1437 of this title.
Section 206(d) of the Housing and Urban-Rural Recovery Act of 1983, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(A), is section 206(d) of Pub. L. 98–181, which is set out as a note below.
The Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(B)(i)(I), is act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163, which is classified principally to chapter 12 (§ 1101 et seq.) of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of Title 8 and Tables.
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(B)(i)(I), is Pub. L. 104–193,
The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(7)(D), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Part A of title IV of the Act is classified generally to part A (§ 601 et seq.) of subchapter IV of chapter 7 of this title. Title XIX of the Act is classified generally to subchapter XIX (§ 1396 et seq.) of chapter 7 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of this title and Tables.
Section 5 of the Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Improvement Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–248; 126 Stat. 2392), referred to in subsec. (a)(7)(E), is section 5 of Pub. L. 112–248, which was formerly set out in a note under section 3321 of Title 31, Money and Finance, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 116–117, § 3(a)(3),
Section 503(a) of the Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998, referred to in subsec. (b)(6)(B)(ii), is section 503(a) of Pub. L. 105–276 which is set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under section 1437 of this title.
Section 1437bb of this title, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(C), was repealed by Pub. L. 104–330, title V, § 501(a),
Section 811, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(C), means section 811 of the United States Housing Act of 1937, but that Act does not contain a section 811.
A prior section 3 of act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, 50 Stat. 889, as amended, established the United States Housing Authority and was classified to section 1403 of this title, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 93–383.
Prior similar provisions were contained in section 2 of act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, 50 Stat. 888, which was classified to section 1402 of this title prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 93–383.
2022—Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 117–328 added par. (9).
2020—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 116–260, § 101(b)(1), added par. (8).
Subsec. (b)(3)(A). Pub. L. 116–260, § 103(a), in first sentence, added cl. (v) after “tenant family,” and redesignated former cl. (v) as (vi) and, in second sentence, inserted “or (vi)” after “clause (v)”.
2016—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–201, § 102(a)(1)(A), substituted “pursuant to paragraph (6)” for “at least annually” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(6), (7). Pub. L. 114–201, § 102(a)(1)(B), added pars. (6) and (7).
Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 114–201, § 102(c), added pars. (4) and (5) and struck out former pars. (4) and (5) which defined the terms “income” and “adjusted income”, respectively.
Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 114–201, § 102(a)(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (f) as (d) and struck out former subsecs. (d) and (e) which related to disallowance of earned income from rent determinations and individual savings accounts, respectively.
2015—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–94 inserted before period at end of second sentence “; except that, in the case of any family with a fixed income, as defined by the Secretary, after the initial review of the family’s income, the public housing agency or owner shall not be required to conduct a review of the family’s income for any year for which such family certifies, in accordance with such requirements as the Secretary shall establish, which shall include policies to adjust for inflation-based income changes, that 90 percent or more of the income of the family consists of fixed income, and that the sources of such income have not changed since the previous year, except that the public housing agency or owner shall conduct a review of each such family’s income not less than once every 3 years”.
2014—Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 113–235, § 238(3), substituted “If” for “Public housing agencies must comply by
Pub. L. 113–235, § 238(1), substituted “which—” for “which shall not be lower than 80 percent of the applicable fair market rental established under section 1437f(c) of this title and which shall—” in introductory provisions, added subcl. (I), and struck out former subcl. (I) which read as follows: “be based on the rental value of the unit, as determined by the public housing agency; and”.
Pub. L. 113–76, § 210(2), inserted concluding provisions and struck out former concluding provisions, which read as follows: “The rental amount for a dwelling unit shall be considered to comply with the requirements of this clause if such amount does not exceed the actual monthly costs to the public housing agency attributable to providing and operating the dwelling unit. The preceding sentence may not be construed to require establishment of rental amounts equal to or based on operating costs or to prevent public housing agencies from developing flat rents required under this clause in any other manner that may comply with this clause.”
Pub. L. 113–76, § 210(1), in introductory provisions, substituted “Each” for “Except as otherwise provided under this clause, each” and inserted “not be lower than 80 percent of the applicable fair market rental established under section 1437f(c) of this title and which shall” after “which shall”.
Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(i)(II). Pub. L. 113–235, § 238(2), inserted “shall” before “be designed”.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 113–76, § 238(a), designated first sentence as subpar. (A), second sentence as subpar. (B), and remaining sentences as subpar. (D), and added subpar. (C).
Subsec. (b)(6)(A). Pub. L. 113–76, § 212, inserted “, or a consortium of such entities or bodies as approved by the Secretary” before period at end.
2008—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 110–289 inserted “or any deferred Department of Veterans Affairs disability benefits that are received in a lump sum amount or in prospective monthly amounts” before “may not be considered”.
2000—Subsec. (b)(3)(E)(iii). Pub. L. 106–402 substituted “section 15002 of this title” for “section 6001 of this title”.
1999—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 106–74, § 214(a)(1), inserted “, or the owner responsible for determining the participant’s eligibility or level of benefits,” after “A public housing agency” and “, or to the owner responsible for determining the participant’s eligibility or level of benefits” before period at end.
Subsec. (f)(2)(C). Pub. L. 106–74, § 214(a)(2), added subpar. (C).
1998—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–276, § 507(c), inserted “and subject to the requirement under paragraph (3)” after “paragraph (2)” in third sentence.
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–276, § 523, amended par. (2) generally. For prior text, see 1996 Amendment note below.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105–276, § 507(a), added par. (3).
Subsec. (a)(4), (5). Pub. L. 105–276, § 524(a), added pars. (4) and (5).
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–276, § 506(1), inserted after second sentence “The term ‘public housing’ includes dwelling units in a mixed finance project that are assisted by a public housing agency with capital or operating assistance.”
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–276, § 508(c)(1), substituted “limits for Westchester and Rockland Counties” for “limits for Westchester County”, inserted “each” before “such county”, substituted “include Westchester or Rockland Counties” for “include Westchester County” and “included Westchester and Rockland Counties” for “included Westchester County”, and inserted at end “In determining areas that are designated as difficult development areas for purposes of the low-income housing tax credit, the Secretary shall include Westchester and Rockland Counties, New York, in the New York City metropolitan area.”
Subsec. (b)(3)(A). Pub. L. 105–276, § 506(2)(A), struck out at end “In determining priority for admission to housing under this chapter, the Secretary shall give preference to single persons who are elderly, disabled, or displaced persons before single persons who are eligible under clause (v) of the first sentence.”
Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 105–276, § 506(2)(B), substituted “public housing agency plan” for “regulations of the Secretary” in second sentence.
Subsec. (b)(3)(E). Pub. L. 105–276, § 506(3), inserted at end “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no individual shall be considered a person with disabilities, for purposes of eligibility for low-income housing under this subchapter, solely on the basis of any drug or alcohol dependence. The Secretary shall consult with other appropriate Federal agencies to implement the preceding sentence.”
Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 105–276, § 508(a), amended par. (5) generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which had defined “adjusted income” as income which remained after excluding $550 for each member of family in household under 18 years of age, disabled, or a student, $400 for any elderly or disabled family, the amount by which medical and related expenses exceeded 3 percent of income, child care expenses, 10 percent of earned income, and any payment made for support and maintenance of nonresident child, spouse, or former spouse.
Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 105–276, § 546, amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (6) read as follows: “The term ‘public housing agency’ means any State, county, municipality, or other governmental entity or public body (or agency or instrumentality thereof) which is authorized to engage in or assist in the development or operation of low-income housing.”
Subsec. (b)(9) to (13). Pub. L. 105–276, § 506(4), added pars. (9) to (13).
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–276, § 508(b)(1)(A), which directed the amendment of subsec. (c) by striking out the undesignated par. after par. (3), was executed by striking out concluding provisions after par. (5), to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Concluding provisions read as follows: “The earnings of and benefits to any public housing resident resulting from participation in a program providing employment training and supportive services in accordance with the Family Support Act of 1988, section 1437t of this title, or any comparable Federal, State, or local law shall not be considered as income for the purposes of determining a limitation on the amount of rent paid by the resident during—
“(1) the period that the resident participates in such program; and
“(2) the period that—
“(A) begins with the commencement of employment of the resident in the first job acquired by the person after completion of such program that is not funded by assistance under this chapter; and
“(B) ends on the earlier of—
“(i) the date the resident ceases to continue employment without good cause as the Secretary shall determine; or
“(ii) the expiration of the 18-month period beginning on the date referred to in subparagraph (A).”
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–276, § 520(a), inserted before period at end of second sentence “, but does not include the costs associated with the demolition of or remediation of environmental hazards associated with public housing units that will not be replaced on the project site, or other extraordinary site costs as determined by the Secretary”.
Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 105–276, § 508(b)(1)(B), added subsecs. (d) and (e).
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–276, § 508(d)(1), added subsec. (f).
1996—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 104–99, § 402(b)(1), (f), temporarily amended par. (2) generally, substituting
“(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a public housing agency may—
“(A) adopt ceiling rents that reflect the reasonable market value of the housing, but that are not less than the monthly costs—
“(i) to operate the housing of the agency; and
“(ii) to make a deposit to a replacement reserve (in the sole discretion of the public housing agency); and
“(B) allow families to pay ceiling rents referred to in subparagraph (A), unless, with respect to any family, the ceiling rent established under this paragraph would exceed the amount payable as rent by that family under paragraph (1).” for
“(2)(A) Any public housing agency may provide that each family residing in a public housing project owned and operated by such agency (or in low-income housing assisted under section 1437f of this title that contains more than 2,000 dwelling units) shall pay as monthly rent an amount determined by such agency to be appropriate that does not exceed a maximum amount that—
“(i) is established by such agency and approved by the Secretary;
“(ii) is not more than the amount payable as rent by such family under paragraph (1); and
“(iii) is not less than the average monthly amount of debt service and operating expenses attributable to dwelling units of similar size in public housing projects owned and operated by such agency.
“(B) The terms of all ceiling rents established prior to
Subsec. (b)(5)(F). Pub. L. 104–330, § 501(b)(1)(A)(i), inserted “and” after semicolon.
Subsec. (b)(5)(G). Pub. L. 104–330, § 501(b)(1)(A)(ii), (iii), redesignated subpar. (H) as (G) and struck out former subpar. (G) which read as follows: “excessive travel expenses, not to exceed $25 per family per week, for employment- or education-related travel, except that this subparagraph shall apply only to families assisted by Indian housing authorities; and”.
Subsec. (b)(5)(H). Pub. L. 104–330, § 501(b)(1)(A)(iii), redesignated subpar. (H) as (G).
Pub. L. 104–99, § 402(c), (f), temporarily added subpar. (H) which read “for public housing, any other adjustments to earned income established by the public housing agency. If a public housing agency adopts other adjustments to income pursuant to subparagraph (H), the Secretary shall not take into account any reduction of or increase in the public housing agency’s per unit dwelling rental income resulting from those adjustments when calculating the contributions under section 1437g of this title for the public housing agency for the operation of the public housing.” See Effective and Termination Dates of 1996 Amendments note below.
Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 104–330, § 501(b)(1)(B), struck out at end “The term includes any Indian housing authority.”
Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 104–330, § 501(b)(1)(C), inserted “and” before “the Trust” and struck out “, and Indian tribes” after “Pacific Islands”.
Subsec. (b)(9) to (12). Pub. L. 104–330, § 501(b)(1)(D), struck out pars. (9) to (12) which read as follows:
“(9) The term ‘Indian’ means any person recognized as being an Indian or Alaska Native by an Indian tribe, the Federal Government, or any State.
“(10) The term ‘Indian area’ means the area within which an Indian housing authority is authorized to provide low-income housing.
“(11) The term ‘Indian housing authority’ means any entity that—
“(A) is authorized to engage in or assist in the development or operation of low-income housing for Indians; and
“(B) is established—
“(i) by exercise of the power of self-government of an Indian tribe independent of State law; or
“(ii) by operation of State law providing specifically for housing authorities for Indians, including regional housing authorities in the State of Alaska.
“(12) The term ‘Indian tribe’ means any tribe, band, pueblo, group, community, or nation of Indians or Alaska Natives.”
1994—Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 103–233 substituted “includes families with children and” for “means families with children”.
1992—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–550, § 185(c)(4), substituted “section 1437f(o) or (y) of this title or paying rent under section 1437f(c)(3)(B) of this title” for “section 1437f(o) of this title”.
Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 102–550, § 102(a), struck out “for not more than a 5-year period” after “monthly rent”.
Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 102–550, § 102(b), struck out first sentence which read as follows: “The 5-year limitation established in subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any family residing in a public housing project administered by an Indian public housing agency.” and substituted “without time limitation” for “for the 5-year period beginning on
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, § 621, amended par. (3) generally, substituting present provisions for provisions relating to families consisting of single persons, elderly families, handicapped persons, displaced persons, and families with household heads 50 years old or older and the priorities for admission of such families and persons to housing under this chapter.
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 102–550, § 103(a)(1), inserted “and any amounts which would be eligible for exclusion under section 1382b(a)(7) of this title” after “family”.
Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 102–550, § 625(a)(1), inserted “or disabled” after “elderly”.
Subsec. (b)(5)(D). Pub. L. 102–550, § 103(a)(2)(A), added subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as follows: “(i) child care expenses to the extent necessary to enable another member of the family to be employed or to further his or her education; or (ii) excessive travel expenses, not to exceed $25 per family per week, for employment or education related travel, except that this clause shall apply only to families assisted by Indian housing authorities;”.
Subsec. (b)(5)(G). Pub. L. 102–550, § 103(a)(2)(B)–(D), added subpar. (G).
Subsec. (c)(4), (5). Pub. L. 102–550, § 622(c), which directed the amendment of subsec. (c) by inserting pars. (4) and (5) after “project.”, was executed by making the insertion after “project.” at the end of par. (3), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
1990—Pub. L. 101–625, § 515(b), added concluding undesignated par. directing that earnings and benefits to public housing residents resulting from participation in programs providing employment training and supportive services not be considered as income.
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–625, § 572(1), substituted “low-income families” for “lower income families” in introductory provisions.
Subsecs. (a)(2)(A), (b)(1). Pub. L. 101–625, § 572(2), substituted “low-income housing” for “lower income housing” wherever appearing.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 101–625, § 573(d), inserted sentences at end relating to determination or establishment of median incomes and income ceilings and limits for Westchester County and for metropolitan statistical areas outside Westchester County.
Pub. L. 101–625, § 572(1), substituted “low-income families” for “lower income families” wherever appearing.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 101–625, § 574, inserted sentence at end relating to effect of temporary absence of child from the home due to placement in foster care on considerations of family composition and size.
Pub. L. 101–625, § 573(a), substituted “(D) and any other single persons. In no event may any single person under clause (D) be provided a housing unit assisted under this chapter of 2 bedrooms or more.” for “(D) other single persons in circumstances described in regulations of the Secretary.” in first sentence, struck out after first sentence “In no event shall more than 15 per centum of the units under the jurisdiction of any public housing agency be occupied by single persons under clause (D).”, and struck out third from last sentence which was executed (to reflect the probable intent of Congress) by striking out third sentence from end which read as follows: “The Secretary may increase the limitation described in the second sentence of this paragraph to not more than 30 per centum if, following consultation with the public housing agency involved, the Secretary determines that the dwelling units involved are neither being occupied, nor are likely to be occupied within the next 12 months, by families or persons described in clauses (A), (B), and (C), due to the condition or location of such dwelling units, and that such dwelling units may be occupied if made available to single persons described in clause (D).”
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 101–625, § 573(b), inserted before period at end “, except that any amounts not actually received by the family may not be considered as income under this paragraph”.
Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 101–625, § 573(c)(1), substituted “$550” for “$480”.
Subsec. (b)(5)(C). Pub. L. 101–625, § 573(c)(2), struck out “elderly” before “family” in cl. (i) and struck out “and” at end.
Subsec. (b)(5)(E), (F). Pub. L. 101–625, § 573(c)(3), added subpars. (E) and (F).
Subsecs. (b)(6), (10), (11)(A), (c). Pub. L. 101–625, § 572(2), substituted “low-income housing” for “lower income housing” wherever appearing.
1989—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 101–235, § 302(1), substituted “5-year period” for “3-year period”.
Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 101–235, § 302(2), substituted “5-year limitation” for “3-year limitation” and inserted at end “The terms of all ceiling rents established prior to
1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–242, § 102(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted “Except as provided in paragraph (2), a” for “A”, redesignated former pars. (1) to (3) as subpars. (A) to (C), respectively, and added par. (2).
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100–242, § 170(c), in cl. (A), substituted “sixty-two years of age,” for “sixty-two years of age or”, and “, has a developmental disability as defined in section 6001(7) of this title” for “or in section 102 of the Developmental Disabilities Services and Facilities Construction Amendments of 1970”.
Pub. L. 100–242, § 111, inserted provisions relating to determination of priority admission to public housing projects designed for elderly families.
Subsec. (b)(5)(D). Pub. L. 100–358, § 4(a), designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii).
Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 100–358, § 4(b), inserted at end “The term includes any Indian housing authority.”
Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 100–358, § 4(c), struck out “, bands, groups, and Nations, including Alaska Indians, Aleuts, and Eskimos, of the United States” after “and Indian tribes”.
Subsec. (b)(9) to (12). Pub. L. 100–358, § 4(d)–(g), added pars. (9) to (12).
1984—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–479, § 102(b)(1), inserted provision at end that such ceilings shall be established in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture for any rural area, as defined in section 1490 of this title, taking into account the subsidy characteristics and types of programs to which such ceilings apply.
Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 98–479, § 102(b)(2), inserted “, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture” at end.
Subsec. (b)(5)(C). Pub. L. 98–479, § 102(b)(3), designated existing provision as cl. (i), added cl. (ii), and inserted “the amount by which the aggregate of the following expenses of the family” in provisions preceding cl. (i).
1983—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–181, § 206(a), in provisions preceding par. (1), inserted provision requiring annual review of family income, and inserted “(other than a family assisted under section 1437f(o) of this title)”.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–181, § 206(b), qualified the term “very low-income families” in authorizing the Secretary to establish, where necessary, variations in income ceilings higher or lower than 50 per centum of the median for the area.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–181, § 202, inserted provision at end of par. (3) authorizing increase from 15 to 30 per centum in the single person occupancy limitation for nonoccupancy of the involved dwelling units.
Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 98–181, § 206(c), amended par. (5) generally, substituting provisions designating cls. (A) to (D) for prior exclusion from “adjusted income” of such amounts or types of income as the Secretary might prescribe, taking into account the number of minor children and other appropriate factors.
1981—Pub. L. 97–35 added subsecs. (a) and (c) and designated provisions constituting former section as subsec. (b), and in subsec. (b) as so designated, substituted provisions defining “lower income housing”, “lower income families”, “families”, “income”, “adjusted income”, “public housing agency”, “State”, and “Secretary” for provisions defining “low-income housing”, “low-income families”, “development”, “operation”, “acquisition cost”, “public housing agency”, “State”, “Secretary”, and “low-income housing project”.
1979—Par. (1). Pub. L. 96–153 substituted provisions that the rental for a dwelling shall not exceed certain portion of the resident family’s income to be established by the Secretary, and that in the case of a very low income family 25 per centum and in other cases 30 per centum of family income for provisions that such rental shall not exceed one-fourth of the family’s income as defined by the Secretary.
1978—Par. (2)(D). Pub. L. 95–557 substituted “15 per cent” for “10 per cent”.
1976—Par. (2). Pub. L. 94–375 struck out “and” before cl. (C), added cl. (D), and two provisos relating to the percentage of units to be occupied by single persons and the priority to be given to single persons who are elderly, handicapped, or displaced, following cl. (D).
Amendment by Pub. L. 117–328 effective 2 years after
Amendment by section 101(b)(1) of div. Q of Pub. L. 116–260 effective 2 years after
Pub. L. 116–260, div. Q, title I, § 103(d),
Pub. L. 114–201, title I, § 102(h),
Amendment by title V of Pub. L. 105–276 effective and applicable beginning upon
Pub. L. 105–276, title V, § 507(d),
Pub. L. 105–276, title V, § 508(c)(2),
Pub. L. 105–276, title V, § 524(b),
Pub. L. 105–276, title V, § 514(f),
Amendment by Pub. L. 104–330 effective
Pub. L. 104–99, title IV, § 402(f),
Pub. L. 102–550, title I, § 103(a)(3),
Amendment by subtitles B through F of title VI [§§ 621–685] of Pub. L. 102–550 applicable upon expiration of 6-month period beginning
Pub. L. 101–625, title V, § 573(f),
Pub. L. 100–358, § 6, “(1) The effective date of regulations issued under section 205 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [former section 1437ee of this title].“(2) 90 The expiration of the 90-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [
Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective
Pub. L. 96–153, title II, § 202(c),
Amendment by Pub. L. 95–557 effective
Section effective on such date or dates as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall prescribe, but not later than eighteen months after
The Department of Housing and Urban Development adopted an interim rule, 24 C.F.R. 860.409,
Pub. L. 115–31, div. K, title II, § 240,
Pub. L. 113–76, div. L, title II, § 243,
Pub. L. 104–99, title IV, § 402(b)(2), “(A) The Secretary shall, by regulation, after notice and an opportunity for public comment, establish such requirements as may be necessary to carry out section 3(a)(2)(A) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437a(a)(2)(A)], as amended by paragraph (1).“(B) Prior to the issuance of final regulations under paragraph (1), a public housing agency may implement ceiling rents, which shall be not less than the monthly costs to operate the housing of the agency and—“(i) determined in accordance with section 3(a)(2)(A) of the United States Housing Act of 1937, as that section existed on the day before enactment of this Act [“(ii) equal to the 95th percentile of the rent paid for a unit of comparable size by tenants in the same public housing project or a group of comparable projects totaling 50 units or more; or“(iii) equal to the fair market rent for the area in which the unit is located.”
[Section 402(b)(2) of Pub. L. 104–99, set out above, effective
Pub. L. 102–550, title I, § 191,
Pub. L. 105–276, title V, § 508(b)(2),
Nothing in amendment made by Pub. L. 117–328 to be construed to preempt or limit applicability of certain State or local laws relating to smoke alarms, see section 601(i) of div. AA of Pub. L. 117–328, set out as a note under section 1701q of Title 12, Banks and Banking.
Pub. L. 116–260, div. Q, title I, § 101(j),
Pub. L. 116–260, div. Q, title I, § 101(a), “(a) Congress finds that—“(1) carbon monoxide alarms are not required by federally assisted housing programs, when not required by State or local codes;“(2) numerous federally assisted housing residents have lost their lives due to carbon monoxide poisoning;“(3) the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning occur immediately and can result in death in a matter of minutes;“(4) carbon monoxide exposure can cause permanent brain damage, life-threatening cardiac complications, fetal death or miscarriage, and death, among other harmful health conditions;“(5) carbon monoxide poisoning is especially dangerous for unborn babies, children, elderly individuals, and individuals with cardiovascular disease, among others with chronic health conditions;“(6) the majority of the 4,600,000 families receiving Federal housing assistance are families with young children, elderly individuals, or individuals with disabilities, making them especially vulnerable to carbon monoxide poisoning;“(7) more than 400 people die and 50,000 additional people visit the emergency room annually as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning;“(8) carbon monoxide poisoning is entirely preventable and early detection is possible with the use of carbon monoxide alarms;“(9) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warns that carbon monoxide poisoning is entirely preventable and recommends the installation of carbon monoxide alarms;“(10) the Office of Lead Hazard Control and Healthy Homes of the Department of Housing and Urban Development recommends the installation of carbon monoxide alarms as a best practice to keep families and individuals safe and to protect health; and“(11) in order to safeguard the health and well-being of tenants in federally assisted housing, the Federal Government should consider best practices for primary prevention of carbon monoxide-related incidents.”
Pub. L. 116–260, div. Q, title I, § 101(g),
Pub. L. 114–201, title I, § 102(g)(1),
Pub. L. 105–276, title V, § 519(d), “(1) An agency may—“(A) adopt and apply ceiling rents that reflect the reasonable market value of the housing, but that are not less than—“(i) for housing other than housing predominantly for elderly or disabled families (or both), 75 percent of the monthly cost to operate the housing of the agency;“(ii) for housing predominantly for elderly or disabled families (or both), 100 percent of the monthly cost to operate the housing of the agency; and“(iii) the monthly cost to make a deposit to a replacement reserve (in the sole discretion of the public housing agency); and“(B) allow families to pay ceiling rents referred to in subparagraph (A), unless, with respect to any family, the ceiling rent established under this paragraph would exceed the amount payable as rent by that family under paragraph (1).“(2) An agency may utilize the authority under section 3(a)(2) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437a(a)(2)), as in effect immediately before the enactment of this Act [“(3) An agency may utilize the authority with respect to ceiling rents under section 402(b)(2) of The Balanced Budget Downpayment Act, I [Pub. L. 104–99] (42 U.S.C. 1437a note), notwithstanding any other provision of law (including the expiration of the applicability of such section or the repeal of such section).”
Pub. L. 103–286, § 1, “(a) Payments made to individuals because of their status as victims of Nazi persecution shall be disregarded in determining eligibility for and the amount of benefits or services to be provided under any Federal or federally assisted program which provides benefits or services based, in whole or in part, on need.“(b) Subsection (a) shall apply to determinations made on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [“(c) No officer, agency, or instrumentality of any government may attempt to recover the value of excessive benefits or services provided before the date of the enactment of this Act [“(d) Any agency of government that has not disregarded payments referred to in subsection (a) in determining eligibility for a program referred to in subsection (a) shall make a good faith effort to notify any individual who may have been denied eligibility for benefits or services under the program of the potential eligibility of the individual for such benefits or services.“(e) “(1) To the extent that amounts are provided in appropriation Acts for payments under this subsection, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall make payments to qualified individuals in the amount determined under paragraph (3).“(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘qualified individual’ means an individual who—“(A) has received any payment because of the individual’s status as a victim of Nazi persecution;“(B) at any time during the period beginning on “(C) paid rent for such dwelling unit for any portion of the period referred to in subparagraph (B) in an amount determined in a manner that did not disregard the payment referred to in subparagraph (A); and“(D) has submitted a claim for payment under this subsection as required under paragraph (4).The term does not include the successors, heirs, or estate of an individual meeting the requirements of the preceding sentence.“(3) The amount of a payment under this subsection for a qualified individual shall be equal to the difference between—“(A) the sum of the amount of rent paid by the individual for rental of the dwelling unit of the individual assisted under a program for housing assistance of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, for the period referred to in paragraph (2)(B), and“(B) the sum of the amount of rent that would have been payable by the individual for rental of such dwelling unit for such period if the payments referred to in paragraph (2)(A) were disregarded in determining the amount of rent payable by the individual for such period.“(4) A payment under this subsection for an individual may be made only pursuant to a written claim for such payment by such individual submitted to the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in the form and manner required by the Secretary before—“(A) in the case of any individual notified by the Department of Housing and Urban Development orally or in writing that such specific individual is eligible for a payment under this subsection, the expiration of the 6-month period beginning on the date of receipt of such notice; and“(B) in the case of any other individual, the expiration of the 12-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [
Pub. L. 102–550, title VI, § 626,
Pub. L. 101–625, title V, § 573(e),
Pub. L. 100–242, title V, § 567, “(1) the median income of the county in which the area is located; or“(2) the median income of the entire nonmetropolitan area of the State.”
Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title II, § 206(d)], “(1) The following provisions of this paragraph apply to determinations of the rent to be paid by or the contribution required of a tenant occupying housing assisted under the authorities amended by this section [amending this section] or subsections (a) through (h) of section 322 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1981 [amending sections 1437 to 1437d, 1437f, 1437g, 1437i, 1437j, and 1437l of this title and sections 1701s and 1715z–1 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and repealing provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1701s of Title 12] (hereinafter referred to as ‘assisted housing’) on or before the effective date of regulations implementing this section:“(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section or subsections (a) through (h) of section 322 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1981, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (hereinafter referred to as the ’Secretary’) may provide for delayed applicability, or for staged implementation, of the procedures for determining rents or contributions, as appropriate, required by such provisions if the Secretary determines that immediate application of such procedures would be impracticable, would violate the terms of existing leases, or would result in extraordinary hardship for any class of tenants.“(B) The Secretary shall provide that the rent or contribution, as appropriate, required to be paid by a tenant shall not increase as a result of the amendments made by this section and subsections (a) through (h) of section 322 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1981, and as a result of any other provision of Federal law or regulation, by more than 10 per centum during any twelve-month period, unless the increase above 10 per centum is attributable to increases in income which are unrelated to such amendments, law, or regulation.“(2) Tenants of assisted housing other than those referred to in paragraph (1) shall be subject to immediate rent payment or contribution determinations in accordance with applicable law and without regard to the provisions of paragraph (1), but the Secretary shall provide that the rent or contribution payable by any such tenant who is occupying assisted housing on the effective date of any provision of Federal law or regulation shall not increase, as a result of any such provision of Federal law or regulation, by more than 10 per centum during any twelve-month period, unless the increase above 10 per centum is attributable to increases in income which are unrelated to such law or regulation.“(3) In the case of tenants receiving rental assistance under section 521(a)(1) of the Housing Act of 1949 [section 1490a(a)(1) of this title] on the effective date of this section [“(4)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the case of the conversion of any assistance under section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 [12 U.S.C. 1701s], section 236(f)(2) of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1715z–1(f)(2)], or section 23 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [section 1421b of this title] (as in effect before the date of the enactment of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 [“(B) In the case of any such conversion of assistance occurring on or after “(5) The limitations on increases in rent contained in paragraphs (1)(B), (2), (3), and (4) shall remain in effect and may not be changed or superseded except by another provision of law which amends this subsection.“(6) As used in this subsection, the term ‘contribution’ means an amount representing 30 per centum of a tenant’s monthly adjusted income, 10 per centum of the tenant’s monthly income, or the designated amount of welfare assistance, whichever amount is used to determine the monthly assistance payment for the tenant under section 3(a) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [subsec. (a) of this section].“(7) The provisions of subsections (a) through (h) of section 322 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1981 shall be implemented and fully applicable to all affected tenants no later than five years following the date of enactment of such amendments [
Prior provisions for determining rent payable by tenants occupying assisted housing under and authorizing delayed application or staged implementation of provisions amended by section 322 of Pub. L. 97–35 were contained in Pub. L. 97–35, title III, § 322(i),
Pub. L. 93–383, title II, § 202,
For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.