This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (f)(4)(D), (j)(3)(A)(iii), (k)(3)(A)(iii), and (ff)(6)(A), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 94–163, Dec. 22, 1975, 89 Stat. 871, known as the Energy Policy and Conservation Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6201 of this title and Tables.

Subpar. (C) of section 6294(a)(2) of this title, referred to in subsec. (i)(5), was redesignated (D) and a new subpar. (C) was added by Pub. L. 110–140, title III, § 324(d), Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1593.

Subsection (i), referred to in subsec. (l)(4)(F)(ii)(I), was amended by Pub. L. 110–140, title III, § 322(b), Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1588, by striking out par. (1) and adding a new par. (1), and as so amended, subsec. (i)(1)(A) does not relate to maximum wattage requirements. However, provisions similar to those contained in former subsec. (i)(1)(A) are now contained in subsec. (i)(1)(B). See 2007 Amendment notes below.

2020—Subsec. (ff)(6)(C). Pub. L. 116–260 added subpar. (C).

2018—Subsec. (l)(1), (2). Pub. L. 115–115 substituted “paragraph (20)” for “paragraph (19)”.

2017—Subsec. (u)(3)(D)(ii). Pub. L. 115–78, § 2(a), substituted “2021” for “2015” in heading and subcl. (I) and “2023” for “2017” in subcl. (II)(bb).

Subsec. (u)(3)(E)(ii). Pub. L. 115–78, § 2(b)(1), substituted “the effective date of the amendment under subparagraph (D)(ii)” for “July 1, 2017,” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (u)(3)(E)(iv). Pub. L. 115–78, § 2(b)(2), added cl. (iv).

2015—Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 114–11 added par. (6).

2014—Subsec. (u)(5). Pub. L. 113–263 added par. (5).

2012—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 112–210, § 5(a), added par. (4).

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 112–210, § 3, added par. (5).

Subsec. (g)(8)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 112–210, § 10(b)(1), substituted “negative 20°F” for “20°F”.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 112–210, § 10(a)(11), made technical amendment to directory language of Pub. L. 110–140, § 322(b). See 2007 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (l)(4)(A). Pub. L. 112–210, § 10(a)(8), struck out “only” before “in accordance with this paragraph”.

Subsec. (n)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 112–210, § 5(c), added pars. (3) and (4) and redesignated former par. (3) as (5).

Subsec. (u)(4). Pub. L. 112–210, § 10(a)(1), redesignated par. (7) as (4) and substituted “supply is connected” for “supplies is connected”.

Subsec. (u)(7). Pub. L. 112–210, § 10(a)(1)(A), redesignated par. (7) as (4).

2011—Subsec. (u)(3)(A). Pub. L. 111–360, § 1(1), substituted “(E)” for “(D)”.

Subsec. (u)(3)(E). Pub. L. 111–360, § 1(2), added subpar. (E).

2007—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 110–140, § 311(a)(3), added par. (4).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–140, § 303(1), inserted “and boilers” after “furnaces” in heading.

Subsec. (f)(3), (4). Pub. L. 110–140, § 303(2), (3), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).

Subsec. (f)(4)(D). Pub. L. 110–140, § 304, substituted “not later than December 31, 2013, the Secretary shall” for “the Secretary may”.

Subsec. (g)(9), (10). Pub. L. 110–140, § 311(a)(2), added pars. (9) and (10).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 110–140, § 321(a)(3)(A)(i), which directed amendment of subsec. (i) by inserting “, general service incandescent lamps, intermediate base incandescent lamps, candelabra base incandescent lamps,” after “fluorescent lamps” in “section heading”, was executed by making the insertion in subsec. (i) heading to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 110–140, § 322(b), as amended by Pub. L. 112–210, § 10(a)(11), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which related to, in subpar. (A), lamp efficacy, new maximum wattage, and CRI standards for general service fluorescent lamps, general service incandescent lamps, intermediate base incandescent lamps, candelabra base incandescent lamps, and incandescent reflector lamps, in subpar. (B), color rendering index requirements of certain general service or general illumination application lamps, in subpar. (C), maximum wattage of candelabra incandescent lamps and intermediate base incandescent lamps, in subpar. (D), petition for exemption from requirements, in subpar. (E), petition to establish standards, and, in subpar. (F), definition of effective date.

Pub. L. 110–140, § 321(a)(3)(A)(ii), in subpar. (A), in introductory provisions, inserted “, general service incandescent lamps, intermediate base incandescent lamps, candelabra base incandescent lamps,” after “fluorescent lamps” and “, new maximum wattage,” after “lamp efficacy”, inserted tables relating to general service incandescent lamps and modified spectrum general service incandescent lamps, added subpars. (B) to (F), and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: “For the purposes of the tables set forth in subparagraph (A), the term ‘effective date’ means the last day of the month set forth in the table which follows October 24, 1992.”

Subsec. (i)(5). Pub. L. 110–140, § 321(a)(3)(A)(iii), struck out “and general service incandescent lamps” after “general service fluorescent”.

Subsec. (i)(6) to (8). Pub. L. 110–140, § 321(a)(3)(A)(iv), (v), added par. (6) and redesignated former pars. (6) and (7) as (7) and (8), respectively.

Subsec. (l)(4). Pub. L. 110–140, § 321(a)(3)(B), added par. (4).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 110–140, § 305(a), added subsec. (m) and struck out former subsec. (m) which related to further rulemaking.

Subsec. (o)(6). Pub. L. 110–140, § 306(a), added par. (6).

Subsec. (p)(1) to (3). Pub. L. 110–140, § 307, redesignated pars. (2) to (4) as (1) to (3), respectively, and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: “The Secretary—

“(A) shall publish an advance notice of proposed rulemaking which specifies the type (or class) of covered products to which the rule may apply;

“(B) shall invite interested persons to submit, within 60 days after the date of publication of such advance notice, written presentations of data, views, and arguments in response to such notice; and

“(C) may identify proposed or amended standards that may be prescribed.”

Subsec. (p)(4). Pub. L. 110–140, § 308(a), added par. (4).

Pub. L. 110–140, § 307(2), redesignated par. (4) as (3).

Subsec. (u)(1)(E). Pub. L. 110–140, § 309(1), inserted heading.

Subsec. (u)(1)(E)(i). Pub. L. 110–140, § 309, inserted cl. heading, designated existing provisions as subcl. (I), inserted subcl. heading, substituted “2 years” for “3 years”, struck out “battery chargers and” before “external power supplies” in two places, and added subcl. (II).

Subsec. (u)(2) to (5). Pub. L. 110–140, § 310(1), redesignated pars. (5) and (6) as (2) and (3), respectively, and struck out former pars. (2) to (4) which related to revision of test procedures and energy conservation standards with respect to covered products that were major sources of standby mode energy consumption, prohibition against proposal of a standard unless applicable test procedures had been issued, and applicability of standard to products manufactured or imported beginning 3 years after the date of issuance, respectively.

Subsec. (u)(6). Pub. L. 110–140, § 310(1)(B), redesignated par. (6) as (3).

Pub. L. 110–140, § 301(c), added par. (6).

Subsec. (u)(7). Pub. L. 110–140, § 301(c), added par. (7).

Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 110–140, § 316(d)(1)(A), struck out “Ceiling fans and” before “refrigerated beverage” in heading.

Subsec. (v)(1) to (4). Pub. L. 110–140, § 316(d)(1)(B), (C), redesignated pars. (2) to (4) as (1) to (3), respectively, and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: “Not later than 1 year after August 8, 2005, the Secretary shall prescribe, by rule, test procedures and energy conservation standards for ceiling fans and ceiling fan light kits. If the Secretary sets such standards, the Secretary shall consider exempting or setting different standards for certain product classes for which the primary standards are not technically feasible or economically justified, and establishing separate or exempted product classes for highly decorative fans for which air movement performance is a secondary design feature.”

Subsec. (cc)(2). Pub. L. 110–140, § 311(a)(1), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which directed the Secretary to publish a final rule not later than Oct. 1, 2009, which would determine whether standards established under par. (1) were to be amended, and directed that such rule was to contain any amendment by the Secretary and be applicable to products manufactured on or after Oct. 1, 2012, and further directed that, if the Secretary did not publish such an amendment, dehumidifiers manufactured on or after Oct. 1, 2012, would have an Energy Factor that would meet or exceed values provided in a table of product capacities and minimum Energy Factors.

Subsec. (ee). Pub. L. 110–140, § 316(c)(2), inserted “(other than specialty application mercury vapor lamp ballasts)” before “shall”.

Subsec. (ff)(1)(A)(iii), (iv). Pub. L. 110–140, § 316(d)(2)(A), redesignated cl. (iv) as (iii), inserted “fans sold for” before “outdoor” in subcl. (II), and struck out former cl. (iii) which read as follows: “Adjustable speed controls (either more than 1 speed or variable speed).”

Subsec. (ff)(4)(C). Pub. L. 110–140, § 316(d)(2)(B)(i), substituted “date specified in subparagraph (A)” for “date specified in subparagraph (B)” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (ff)(4)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 110–140, § 316(d)(2)(B)(ii), added cl. (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as follows: “shall include the lamps described in clause (i) in the ceiling fan lighting kits.”

Subsec. (ff)(6)(B) to (D). Pub. L. 110–140, § 316(d)(2)(C), redesignated subpars. (C) and (D) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, of subpar. (B).

Subsec. (ff)(7). Pub. L. 110–140, § 316(d)(2)(D), substituted “established under section 6294” for “established under section 6297”.

Subsec. (gg). Pub. L. 110–140, § 310(3), added subsec. (gg). Former subsec. (gg) redesignated (hh).

Subsec. (hh). Pub. L. 110–140, § 324(e)(2), added subsec. (hh). Former subsec. (hh) redesignated (ii).

Pub. L. 110–140, § 310(2), (4), redesignated subsec. (gg) as (hh) and substituted “(gg)” for “(ff)” in two places in par. (2).

Subsec. (ii). Pub. L. 110–140, § 324(e)(1), (3), redesignated subsec. (hh) as (ii) and substituted “(hh)” for “(gg)” in two places in par. (2).

2005—Subsec. (f)(3)(D). Pub. L. 109–58, § 135(c)(1), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (g)(6)(B). Pub. L. 109–58, § 135(c)(2)(A), inserted “and labeled” after “designed”.

Subsec. (g)(8). Pub. L. 109–58, § 135(c)(2)(B), added par. (8).

Subsec. (o)(5). Pub. L. 109–58, § 135(c)(3), added par. (5).

Subsecs. (u) to (gg). Pub. L. 109–58, § 135(c)(4), added subsecs. (u) to (gg).

1998—Subsec. (e)(4)(A). Pub. L. 105–388, § 5(a)(5)(A), substituted “paragraph” for “paragraphs”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–388, § 5(a)(5)(B), substituted “ballasts” for “ballasts;” in heading.

1992—Subsecs. (i) to (k). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(2), added subsecs. (i) to (k). Former subsecs. (i) to (k) redesignated (l) to (n), respectively.

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(1), redesignated subsec. (i) as (l). Former subsec. (l) redesignated (o).

Subsec. (l)(1). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(3), substituted “paragraph (19)” for “paragraph (14)” and “subsections (o) and (p)” for “subsections (l) and (m)”.

Subsec. (l)(2). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(3)(A), substituted “(19)” for “(14)”.

Subsec. (l)(3). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(3)(B), substituted “(o) and (p)” for “(l) and (m)”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(1), (4), redesignated subsec. (j) as (m) and substituted “(i)” for “(h)” in introductory provisions. Former subsec. (m) redesignated (p).

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(1), redesignated subsec. (k) as (n). Former subsec. (n) redesignated (q).

Subsec. (n)(1). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(5)(A), substituted “, and in paragraphs (13) and (14)” for “and in paragraph (13)” and “subsections (b) through (i)” for “subsections (b) through (h)”.

Subsec. (n)(2)(C). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(5)(B), substituted “subsection (o)(2)(B)(i)(II)” for “subsection (l)(2)(B)(i)(II)”.

Subsec. (n)(3)(B). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(5)(C), inserted “general service fluorescent lamps, incandescent reflector lamps,” after “fluorescent lamp ballasts,”.

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(1), redesignated subsec. (l) as (o). Former subsec. (o) redesignated (r).

Subsec. (o)(1). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(6)(A), inserted “or, in the case of showerheads, faucets, water closets, or urinals, water use,” after “energy use,”.

Subsec. (o)(2)(A). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(6)(B), inserted “, or, in the case of showerheads, faucets, water closets, or urinals, water efficiency,” after “energy efficiency”.

Subsec. (o)(2)(B)(i)(III). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(6)(C), inserted “, or as applicable, water,” after “energy”.

Subsec. (o)(2)(B)(i)(VI). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(6)(D), inserted “and water” after “energy”.

Subsec. (o)(2)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(6)(E), substituted “energy, and as applicable, water, savings” for “energy savings”.

Subsec. (o)(3)(B). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(6)(F), inserted “, in the case of showerheads, faucets, water closets, or urinals, water, or” after “energy or”.

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(1), redesignated subsec. (m) as (p). Former subsec. (p) redesignated (s).

Subsec. (p)(3)(A). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(7), substituted “subsection (o)(2)” for “subsection (l)(2)” and “subsection (o)(4)” for “subsection (l)(4)”.

Subsecs. (q) to (t). Pub. L. 102–486, § 123(f)(1), redesignated subsecs. (n) to (q) as (q) to (t), respectively.

1988—Subsec. (e)(1)(C). Pub. L. 100–357, § 2(e)(3), inserted “Volume” after “Rated Storage”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–357, § 2(e)(1)(A), inserted “; fluorescent lamp ballasts;” in heading.

Subsec. (g)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 100–357, § 2(e)(1)(B), added pars. (5) to (7).

Subsec. (i)(1), (2). Pub. L. 100–357, § 2(e)(2), substituted “(14)” for “(13)”.

Subsec. (j)(B). Pub. L. 100–357, § 2(e)(4)(A), inserted “fluorescent lamp ballasts,” after “clothes dryers,” and substituted “heating” for “hearing”.

Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 100–357, § 2(e)(4)(B)(i), inserted “and in paragraph (13)” after “(11)”.

Subsec. (k)(3)(B). Pub. L. 100–357, § 2(e)(4)(B)(ii), inserted “fluorescent lamp ballasts,” after “clothes dryers,”.

1987—Pub. L. 100–12 amended section generally, revising and restating as subsecs. (a) to (q) provisions formerly contained in subsecs. (a) to (j).

1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–619 substituted provisions authorizing Secretary to prescribe an energy efficiency standard for each type of covered product specified in section 6292(a)(1) to (13) of this title, authorizing such prescription for any type of covered product specified in section 6292(a)(14) of this title where certain conditions are found to exist, and requiring publication of a list of those types of covered products considered subject to prescribed standards in the Federal Register not later than two years after Nov. 9, 1978, for provisions requiring the Administrator, meaning the Administrator of the Federal Energy Administration, to direct the National Bureau of Standards to develop an energy efficiency improvement target for each type of covered product listed in section 6292(a)(1) to (10) of this title, requiring prescription of such a target by the Administrator not later than ninety days after Aug. 14, 1976, requiring such targets be designed to exceed by 1980 by at least twenty percent the aggregate energy efficiency of the covered products as manufactured in 1972, requiring similar energy efficiency targets be prescribed for covered products specified in section 6292(a)(11) to (13) of this title not later than one year after Aug. 14, 1976, authorizing the Administrator to modify periodically any established targets, requiring the manufacturers of any covered products to submit reports as requested by the Administrator to help in establishing and reaching such targets, authorizing the Administrator to commence proceedings in certain situations to prescribe initial or revised targets, specifying when improvements of energy efficiency are economically justified, and authorizing the Attorney General to determine any negative effects on competition so as to make certain improvements economically unjustified.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–619 substituted provisions specifying preconditions for prescription of a standard for a type or class of covered products for provisions specifying the procedure to be followed in prescribing energy efficiency standards.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–619 substituted provisions requiring energy efficiency standards for each type of covered products be designed to achieve the maximum improvement in energy efficiency which the Secretary determines feasible and justified and requiring such standards be phased in over a period not to exceed five years for provisions relating to the prescription of test procedures and the requirements necessary to meet minimum energy efficiency levels.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–619 substituted provisions relating to a determination by the Secretary of the economic justification of any particular energy efficiency standard and a determination by the Attorney General of the impact on competition of any proposed standard for provisions relating to labeling rules.

Subsecs. (e) to (j). Pub. L. 95–619 added subsecs. (e) to (j).

1976—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 94–385, § 161(a), transferred authority to determine energy targets from the Administrator to the National Bureau of Standards and substituted 90 days after August 14, 1976, for 180 days after December 22, 1975, for the promulgation of rules by the Administrator.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 94–385, § 161(b), transferred authority to determine energy targets from the Administrator to the National Bureau of Standards and substituted one year after August 14, 1976, for one year after December 22, 1975, for the promulgation of rules by the Administrator.

Amendment by section 10(a)(1), (8), (11) of Pub. L. 112–210 effective as if included in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–140, see section 10(a)(13) of Pub. L. 112–210, set out as a note under section 6291 of this title.

Pub. L. 112–210, § 10(b)(2), Dec. 18, 2012, 126 Stat. 1525, provided that: “This subsection [amending this section] and the amendment made by this subsection take effect as if included in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–58; 119 Stat. 594).”

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–140 effective on the date that is 1 day after Dec. 19, 2007, see section 1601 of Pub. L. 110–140, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1824 of Title 2, The Congress.

Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title I, § 1008(b), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2437, provided that: “For purposes of section 325(m) of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6295(m)), the standard established in section 325(ff)(6)(C) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 6295(ff)(6)(C)] (as added by subsection (a) of this section) shall be treated as if such standard was issued on January 19, 2017.”

Pub. L. 110–140, title III, § 321(g), Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1586, provided that: