The section is reorganized and restated for clarity.

In subsection (a)(1)(i), the exception of “a Government controlled corporation” is added to preserve the application of this chapter to “corporations wholly owned by the United States”. This is necessary as the defined term “Executive agency” includes the defined term “Government corporation” and the latter includes both Government owned and controlled corporations. Thus the exclusion of Government controlled corporations, which are distinct from wholly owned corporations, operates to preserve the application of the chapter to wholly owned corporations.

In subsection (a)(1)(vii), the words “Panama Canal Company” are substituted for “Panama Railroad Company” on authority of the Act of Sept. 26, 1950, ch. 1049, § 2(a)(2), 64 Stat. 1038.

The exception for the Inland Waterways Corporation in former section 1082(13) is omitted on authority of the Act of July 19, 1963, Pub. L. 88–67, 77 Stat. 81.

The exceptions for Production Credit Corporations and Federal Intermediate Credit Banks in former section 1082(18) and (19) are omitted as they are no longer “corporations wholly owned by the United States”. Under the Farm Credit Act of 1956, 70 Stat. 659, the Production Credit Corporations were merged in the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, and pursuant to that Act the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks have ceased to be corporations wholly owned by the United States.

Subsection (a)(2) is added for clarity. The reference to “an individual employed in or under an agency” includes both officers and employees of an agency.

In subsection (a)(5), the words “in the General Schedule” are substituted for the reference in former section 1091(3) to “as specified in subchapter V of this chapter”.

In subsection (b), the reference to former section 1085 is omitted as unnecessary. Former section 1085 which exempted certain agencies from former sections 1151–1153 is carried into section 305.

In subsection (c)(1), the words “chapter 45 of title 39” are substituted for the reference in former section 1082(1) to “chapter 23 of title 39” on authority of the Act of July 10, 1955, ch. 137, § 805, 69 Stat. 130, and the Act of Sept. 2, 1960, Pub. L. 86–682, § 5, 74 Stat. 705.

In subsection (c)(2)(B), the words “this chapter” are substituted for the reference in former section 1082(2)(B) to “the Classification Act of 1923, as amended,” on authority of section 1106 of the Act of Oct. 28, 1949, 63 Stat. 972, and technical section 7(b).

In subsection (c)(4), the words “chapter 15 of title 31, District of Columbia Code” are substituted for the reference in former section 1082(4) to “the District of Columbia Teachers Salary Act of 1947, as supplemented by Public Law 151, Eighty-first Congress, approved June 30, 1949” on authority of the provisions contained therein. The words “District of Columbia Court of General Sessions” and “District of Columbia Court of Appeals” are substituted for “Municipal Court for the District of Columbia” and “Municipal Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia”, respectively, on authority of D.C. Code §§ 11–902 and 11–702. The exception for judges of the Juvenile Court of the District of Columbia is based on D.C. Code § 11–1502.

In subsection (c)(5), the word “officers” is omitted as included in “member”.

In subsection (c)(10), the words “sections 6952 and 7478 of title 10”, “section 7044 of title 10”, and “section 7043 of title 10” are substituted for the references in former section 1082(10) to “section 1071 of title 34”, “sections 1076–1076f of title 34”, and “section 1074 of title 34”, respectively, on authority of the Act of Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, § 49(b), 70A Stat. 640.

In subsection (c)(11), the words “the United States” are substituted for “the several States and the District of Columbia”.

In subsection (c)(14), the words “employees necessary for the transaction of the business of the Service at canteens, warehouses, and storage depots whose employment is authorized by section 4202 of title 38” are substituted for the reference in former section 1082(23) to “positions which are exempt from this chapter, pursuant to section 4202 of title 38”.

In subsection (c)(16), the reference to “section 4114 of title 38” is substituted for the reference in former section 1082(25) to “section 4114(b) of title 38” to reflect the pay fixing authority contained in subsection (a)(1) of section 4114.

In subsection (c)(22), the words “as defined by section 901 of title 20” are substituted for “as defined in the Defense Department Overseas Teachers Pay and Personnel Practices Act” on authority of former section 2351, which is scheduled for transfer to section 901 of title 20.

In subsection (c)(25), the word “schedule” is omitted since section 603 of the Act of Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, 76 Stat. 847, eliminated the necessity of referring to rates as scheduled or longevity. The words “for GS–18” are substituted for “of the highest grade established by this chapter”.

The second sentence of subsection (d) is based on former section 1084(c), which is carried into section 5103.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The amendment to 5 U.S.C. 5102(c)(15) is made to correct a typographical error.

The amendment to 5 U.S.C. 5102(c)(26) reflects Public Law 89–444, section 4.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071, which is classified principally to chapter 52 (§ 3901 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of Title 22 and Tables.

Section 432 of title 14, referred to in subsec. (c)(6), was redesignated section 2531 of title 14 by Pub. L. 115–282, title I, § 114(b), Dec. 4, 2018, 132 Stat. 4223, and references to section 432 of title 14 deemed to refer to such redesignated section, see section 123(b)(1) of Pub. L. 115–282, set out as a References to Sections of Title 14 as Redesignated by Pub. L. 115–282 note preceding section 101 of Title 14, Coast Guard.

Level V of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (c)(25), is set out in section 5316 of this title.

2018—Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 115–232, § 809(c)(1)(A), substituted “section 1595, 7371, 8748, or 9371 of title 10” for “section 1595, 4021, 7478, or 9021 of title 10”, “sections 7438, 8452, and 9438, respectively, of title 10” for “sections 4338, 6952, and 9338, respectively, of title 10”, “section 8544 of title 10” for “section 7044 of title 10”, and “section 8543 of title 10” for “section 7043 of title 10”.

Subsec. (c)(28). Pub. L. 115–232, § 809(c)(1)(B), substituted “section 9414 of title 10” for “section 9314 of title 10”.

2015—Subsec. (a)(1)(vii), (viii), (x). Pub. L. 114–113 struck out “or” at end of cl. (vii), added cl. (viii), and substituted semicolon for period at end of cl. (x).

2011—Subsec. (c)(30). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted “section 7105(a)(2), (c)(2), or (d)(2) of title 41” for “section 8 of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978”.

2010—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 111–282 substituted “the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division” for “the Executive Protective Service”.

2008—Subsec. (a)(1)(x). Pub. L. 110–417 substituted “National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency” for “National Imagery and Mapping Agency”.

2006—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–356 added subsec. (e).

2004—Subsec. (a)(1)(vii). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–375, § 557(b)(5)(B), which directed amendment of subsec. (b) by substituting “Provost and Academic Dean” for “Academic Dean”, could not be executed because the words “Academic Dean” did not appear.

Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 108–375, § 557(b)(5)(A), substituted “Provost and Academic Dean of the Naval Postgraduate School” for “Academic Dean of the Postgraduate School of the Naval Academy”.

1999—Subsec. (c)(23). Pub. L. 106–113 amended par. (23) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (23) read as follows: “examiners-in-chief and designated examiners-in-chief in the Patent and Trademark Office, Department of Commerce;”.

1996—Subsec. (a)(1)(vi), (vii). Pub. L. 104–201, § 3548(a)(2)(A), redesignated cls. (vii) and (viii) as (vi) and (vii), respectively, and struck out former cl. (vi) which read as follows: “the Panama Canal Commission;”.

Subsec. (a)(1)(viii). Pub. L. 104–201, § 3548(a)(2)(A)(ii), which directed redesignation of cl. (ix) as (viii) could not be executed because subsec. (a)(1) did not contain a cl. (ix). See 1983 Amendment note below. Former cl. (viii) redesignated (vii).

Subsec. (a)(1)(ix), (x). Pub. L. 104–201, § 3548(a)(2)(A)(ii), redesignated cls. (x) and (xi) as (ix) and (x), respectively.

Subsec. (a)(1)(xi). Pub. L. 104–201, § 3548(a)(2)(A)(ii), redesignated cl. (xi) as (x).

Pub. L. 104–201, § 1122(a)(1), substituted “National Imagery and Mapping Agency” for “Central Imagery Office”.

Subsec. (c)(12). Pub. L. 104–201, § 3548(a)(2)(B), struck out par. (12) which read as follows: “any Executive agency to the extent of any election under section 1212(b)(2) (relating to the Panama Canal Employment System) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979;”.

1994—Subsec. (a)(1)(ix) to (xi). Pub. L. 103–359 directed the amendment of cl. (ix) by striking “or” at end which could not be executed because par. (1) does not contain a cl. (ix), directed the substitution of “; or” for period at end of cl. (x) which was executed by inserting “or” at end of cl. (x) to reflect the probable intent of Congress because a semicolon already exists at end of cl. (x), and added cl. (xi).

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 103–446 struck out comma after “Department of Veterans Affairs”.

1993—Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 103–160, § 923(b), inserted “(and, in the case of the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, the Director and the Deputy Director)” after “professional military education school”.

Pub. L. 103–160, § 533(c), substituted “at the Military Academy, the Naval Academy, and the Air Force Academy whose pay is fixed under sections 4338, 6952, and 9338, respectively, of title 10” for “at the Naval Academy whose pay is fixed under section 6952 of title 10”.

1991—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 102–54, § 13(b)(2), substituted “Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs” for “Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterans’ Administration”.

Subsec. (c)(14). Pub. L. 102–54, § 13(b)(1), substituted “Department of Veterans Affairs” for “Veterans’ Administration”.

Pub. L. 102–40, § 403(c)(1)(A), substituted “section 7802 of title 38” for “section 4202 of title 38”.

Subsec. (c)(16). Pub. L. 102–40, § 403(c)(1)(B), substituted “sections 7405 and 7406” for “section 4114”.

1990—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–474 redesignated subpars. (C) to (G) as (B) to (F), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (B) which included Administrative Office of United States Courts within definition of “agency”.

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 101–509, § 529 [title I, § 109(a)(2)], substituted “members” for “and members” after “Protective Service;” and inserted at end “and members of the police forces of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the United States Mint whose pay is fixed under section 5378 of this title;”.

Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 101–510 struck out “and” before “the Academic Dean” and inserted at end “civilian professors, instructors, and lecturers in the defense acquisition university structure (including the Defense Systems Management College) whose pay is fixed under section 1746(b) of title 10;”.

Subsec. (c)(25). Pub. L. 101–509, § 529 [title I, § 101(b)(9)(F)], substituted “rate for level V of the Executive Schedule” for “maximum rate for GS–18”.

Subsec. (c)(29), (30). Pub. L. 101–509, § 529 [title I, § 104(d)(1)], added pars. (29) and (30).

1989—Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 101–189 inserted “civilian professors, instructors, and lecturers at a professional military education school whose pay is fixed under section 1595, 4021, 7478, or 9021 of title 10;”, struck out “the Naval War College and” after “instructors at”, and substituted “section 6952” for “sections 6952 and 7478”.

1987—Subsec. (c)(27). Pub. L. 100–135 substituted “police” for “special police force”.

1986—Subsec. (c)(14). Pub. L. 99–335 inserted “(other than employees of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment System appointed under section 8474(c)(2) of this title)”.

1985—Subsec. (c)(28). Pub. L. 99–145 added par. (28).

1984—Subsec. (a)(1)(viii) to (x). Pub. L. 98–618 struck out “or” at end of cl. (viii), inserted “or” at end of cl. (ix), and added cl. (x).

1983—Subsec. (a)(1)(iii) to (ix). Pub. L. 97–468, eff. Jan. 5, 1985, struck out cl. (iii) which excluded the Alaska Railroad and redesignated cls. (iv) to (ix) as (iii) to (viii), respectively. See Effective Date of 1983 Amendment note below.

1980—Subsec. (a)(1)(ix). Pub. L. 96–191 added cl. (ix).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 96–465 substituted “members of the Foreign Service whose pay is fixed under the Foreign Service Act of 1980” for “employees in the Foreign Service of the United States whose pay is fixed under chapter 14 of title 22”.

1979—Subsec. (a)(1)(vii). Pub. L. 96–70, § 3302(e)(1), substituted “Commission” for “Company”.

Subsec. (c)(12). Pub. L. 96–70, § 3302(e)(6), substituted provisions relating to any Executive agency to the extent of any election under section 1212(b)(2) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 for provisions relating to employees of an agency who are stationed in the Canal Zone or in the Republic of Panama.

Subsec. (c)(23). Pub. L. 96–54 inserted “and Trademark” after “Patent”.

1978—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 95–454, § 801(a)(3)(D), substituted “5375” for “5365”.

Subsec. (c)(12)(B). Pub. L. 95–454, § 906(a)(2), substituted “Office of Personnel Management” for “Civil Service Commission”.

1975—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 94–183, § 2(12), substituted “Executive Protective Service” for “White House Police”.

Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 94–183, § 2(13), substituted “305” for “40”.

1973—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–176 extended this chapter to include positions in local boards and appeal boards within the Selective Service System and employees occupying those positions.

1970—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 91–375 repealed provision declaring this chapter inapplicable to employees in the postal field service whose pay is fixed under chapter 45 of title 39.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 91–358 expanded reference to include chief judges, substituted reference to the Superior Court of the District of Columbia for references to the District of Columbia Court of General Sessions and the Juvenile Court of the District of Columbia, and provided that chapter not apply to nonjudicial employees of the District of Columbia court system whose pay is fixed under title 11 of the District of Columbia Code.

1969—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 91–34 extended provisions to include members of the National Zoological Park police force whose pay is fixed under section 5365 of this title.

1968—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–610 inserted par. (27).

Position of Provost and Academic Dean of the Naval Postgraduate School now known as Provost and Chief Academic Officer. See section 8543 of Title 10, Armed Forces, as amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title V, § 554(a)(1)(A), (2)(A), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2594.

“Government Publishing Office” substituted for “Government Printing Office” in subsecs. (a)(1)(D) and (c)(9) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Pub. L. 111–282, § 5, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3044, provided that: “This Act [enacting chapter 102 of this title, amending this section and sections 5541, 6304, and 6324 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 10201 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 3056A of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period which begins after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 15, 2010].”

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–113 effective 4 months after Nov. 29, 1999, see section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4731] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 35, Patents.

Amendment by section 1122(a)(1) of Pub. L. 104–201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 193 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendment by section 529 [title I, §§ 101(b)(9)(F), 104(d)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, § 305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by section 529 [title I, § 109(a)(2)] of Pub. L. 101–509 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after the 30th day following Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title I, § 109(c)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5378 of this title.

Pub. L. 100–135, § 3, Oct. 16, 1987, 101 Stat. 812, provided that: “The amendments made by section 1 [amending this section and sections 167 and 167h of Title 2, The Congress] shall apply with respect to pay periods beginning after September 30, 1987, except that any pay increase for employees of the Library of Congress, pursuant to the amendments made by such section, shall be subject to appropriation and shall be implemented in four approximately equal annual increments, so that pay parity with the Capitol Police occurs beginning with the first pay period beginning after September 30, 1990.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–468 effective on date of transfer of Alaska Railroad to the State [Jan. 5, 1985], pursuant to section 1203 of Title 45, Railroads, see section 615(b) of Pub. L. 97–468.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–191 effective Oct. 1, 1980, see section 10(a) of Pub. L. 96–191.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by section 801(a)(3)(D) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 801(a)(4) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5361 of this title.

Amendment by section 906(2)(2) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–176 effective not later than beginning of first pay period which begins on or after 90th day following Dec. 5, 1973, see section 4 of Pub. L. 93–176, set out as a note under section 3809 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–358 effective first day of seventh calendar month which begins after July 29, 1970, see section 199(a) of Pub. L. 91–358, set out as a note under section 1257 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–34 effective at beginning of first pay period which commences on or after June 30, 1969, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 91–34, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5375 of this title.

Pub. L. 90–610, § 3, Oct. 21, 1968, 82 Stat. 1201, provided that: “The amendments made by this Act [amending this section and section 167 of Title 2, The Congress] shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1968]. Notwithstanding any provisions of this Act, no rate of basic pay shall be reduced by reason of the enactment of this Act.”

Pub. L. 90–83, § 9(h), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 222, provided that: “Section 1(3) [amending section 1305 of this title], (10) [amending section 3324 of this title], (11) [amending this section], (12) [amending section 5108 of this title], (22) [enacting section 5534a of this title], (23) [amending the analysis for chapter 55 of this title], (83)(a) and (d) [amending section 8344 of this title], (89) [amending section 8521 of this title], (98) [amending section 902 of this title], (99) [amending section 903 of this title], and (100) [amending section 8113 of this title] of this Act is effective as of September 6, 1966, for all purposes.”

General repealer of provisions inconsistent with Pub. L. 92–392 as not repealing or affecting subsec. (d) of this section, see section 13 of Pub. L. 92–392, Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 575, set out as a note under section 5341 of this title.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

For transfer of the functions, personnel, assets, and obligations of the United States Secret Service, including the functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 381, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by sections 5814 and 5841 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. See, also, Transfer of Functions notes set out under those sections.

Virgin Islands Corporation established to have succession until June 30, 1969, unless sooner dissolved by Act of Congress, by act June 30, 1949, ch. 285, 63 Stat. 350, as amended (48 U.S.C. 1407 et seq.). Corporation terminated its program June 30, 1965, and dissolved July 1, 1966. Act June 30, 1949, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–357, title III, § 308(e), Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1710.

Pub. L. 99–145, title V, § 504(c), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 622, as amended by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 809(c)(2), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1841, provided that: “Section 9414(b)(2) of title 10, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)(1)(B)), and section 5102(c)(28) of title 5, United States Code (as added by subsection (b)), shall not apply to any person who on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 8, 1985]—

Amendments by Pub. L. 92–392 not to decrease basic pay rate of subsec. (c)(7), (8), or (14) employees in service before effective date of the amendments as to such employees, see section 9(a)(2) of Pub. L. 92–392, Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 574, set out as a note under section 5343 of this title.

Rate of basic pay not to be reduced by reason of the enactment of Pub. L. 91–34, which amended this section, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 91–34, set out as a note under section 5365 of this title.