Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, § 1111(c), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1238, as amended by Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, § 1084(h)(3), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2064, provided that: “Section 5949 of title 5, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), is effective as if enacted into law on September 11, 2001, and may be applied with respect to any hostile action that took place on or after that date.”