the Director of the National Science Foundation;

the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology;

the Chair of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science of the National Science and Technology Council established under section 8813(a) of this title; and

the Chair of the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science;

quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low loss optical channels, space-to-ground connections, and classical networking and cybersecurity protocols;

entanglement and hyper-entangled state sources and transmission, control, and measurement of quantum states;

quantum interconnects that allow short range local connections between quantum processors;

transducers for quantum sources and signals between optical wavelength regimes, including telecommunications regimes and quantum computer-relevant domains, including microwaves;

development of quantum memory buffers and small-scale quantum computers that are compatible with photon-based quantum bits in the optical or telecommunications wavelengths;

long-range entanglement distribution, including allowing entanglement-based protocols between small- and large 1 scale quantum processors, at the terrestrial and space-based level using quantum repeaters and optical or laser communications;

quantum routers, multiplexers, repeaters, and related technologies necessary to create secure long-distance quantum communication; and

integration of systems across the quantum technology stack into traditional computing networks, including the development of remote controlled, high-performance, and reliable implementations of key quantum network components by leveraging the expertise, infrastructure and supplemental investments at the National Laboratories in the Energy Sciences Network User Facility;