Any person who knowingly violates, and any person engaged in business as an importer of exotic birds who violates, section 4910(a)(1) or (2) 1 of this title or any permit issued under section 4911 of this title may be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary of not more than $25,000 for each violation.

Any person who knowingly violates, and any person engaged in business as an importer of exotic birds who violates, section 4910(a)(3) 2 of this title may be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary of not more than $12,000 for each such violation.

Any person who otherwise violates section 4910(a) of this title or any permit issued under section 4911 of this title may be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary of not more than $500 for each such violation.

A civil penalty under this section shall be assessed, and may be collected, in the manner in which a civil penalty under the Act of December 28, 1973 (Public Law 93–205) [16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.], may be assessed and collected under section 111(a) 3 of that Act [16 U.S.C. 1540(a)].

Any person who knowingly violates, and any person engaged in business as an importer of exotic birds who violates, section 4910(a)(1) or (2) ¹ of this title or any permit issued under section 4911 of this title shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or both.

Any person who knowingly violates section 4910(a)(3) ² of this title shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned not more than 6 months, or both.