18 USC 2334 - Jurisdiction and venue

U.S Code last checked for updates: Nov 22, 2024

§ 2334.

Jurisdiction and venue

(a)

General Venue.—

Any civil action under section 2333 of this title against any person may be instituted in the district court of the United States for any district where any plaintiff resides or where any defendant resides or is served, or has an agent. Process in such a civil action may be served in any district where the defendant resides, is found, or has an agent.

(b)

Special Maritime or Territorial Jurisdiction.—

If the actions giving rise to the claim occurred within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, as defined in section 7 of this title, then any civil action under section 2333 of this title against any person may be instituted in the district court of the United States for any district in which any plaintiff resides or the defendant resides, is served, or has an agent.

(c)

Service on Witnesses.—

A witness in a civil action brought under section 2333 of this title may be served in any other district where the defendant resides, is found, or has an agent.

(d)

Convenience of the Forum.—

The district court shall not dismiss any action brought under section 2333 of this title on the grounds of the inconvenience or inappropriateness of the forum chosen, unless—

(1)

the action may be maintained in a foreign court that has jurisdiction over the subject matter and over all the defendants;

(2)

that foreign court is significantly more convenient and appropriate; and

(3)

that foreign court offers a remedy which is substantially the same as the one available in the courts of the United States.

(e)

Consent of Certain Parties to Personal Jurisdiction.—

(1)

In general.—

Except as provided in paragraph (2), for purposes of any civil action under section 2333 of this title, a defendant shall be deemed to have consented to personal jurisdiction in such civil action if, regardless of the date of the occurrence of the act of international terrorism upon which such civil action was filed, the defendant—

(A)

after the date that is 120 days after the date of the enactment of the Promoting Security and Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act of 2019, makes any payment, directly or indirectly—

(i)

to any payee designated by any individual who, after being fairly tried or pleading guilty, has been imprisoned for committing any act of terrorism that injured or killed a national of the United States, if such payment is made by reason of such imprisonment; or

(ii)

to any family member of any individual, following such individual’s death while committing an act of terrorism that injured or killed a national of the United States, if such payment is made by reason of the death of such individual; or

(B)

after 15 days after the date of enactment of the Promoting Security and Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act of 2019—

(i)

continues to maintain any office, headquarters, premises, or other facilities or establishments in the United States;

(ii)

establishes or procures any office, headquarters, premises, or other facilities or establishments in the United States; or

(iii)

conducts any activity while physically present in the United States on behalf of the Palestine Liberation Organization or the Palestinian Authority.

(2)

Applicability.—

Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any defendant who ceases to engage in the conduct described in paragraphs (1)(A) and (1)(B) for 5 consecutive calendar years. Except with respect to payments described in paragraph (1)(A), no court may consider the receipt of any assistance by a nongovernmental organization, whether direct or indirect, as a basis for consent to jurisdiction by a defendant.

(3)

Exception for certain activities and locations.—

In determining whether a defendant shall be deemed to have consented to personal jurisdiction under paragraph (1)(B), no court may consider—

(A)

any office, headquarters, premises, or other facility or establishment used exclusively for the purpose of conducting official business of the United Nations;

(B)

any activity undertaken exclusively for the purpose of conducting official business of the United Nations;

(C)

any activity involving officials of the United States that the Secretary of State determines is in the national interest of the United States if the Secretary reports to the appropriate congressional committees annually on the use of the authority under this subparagraph;

(D)

any activity undertaken exclusively for the purpose of meetings with officials of the United States or other foreign governments, or participation in training and related activities funded or arranged by the United States Government;

(E)

any activity related to legal representation—

(i)

for matters related to activities described in this paragraph;

(ii)

for the purpose of adjudicating or resolving claims filed in courts of the United States; or

(iii)

to comply with this subsection; or

(F)

any personal or official activities conducted ancillary to activities listed under this paragraph.

(4)

Rule of construction.—

Notwithstanding any other law (including any treaty), any office, headquarters, premises, or other facility or establishment within the territory of the United States that is not specifically exempted by paragraph (3)(A) shall be considered to be in the United States for purposes of paragraph (1)(B).

(5)

Defined term.—

In this subsection, the term “defendant” means—

(A)

the Palestinian Authority;

(B)

the Palestine Liberation Organization;

(C)

any organization or other entity that is a successor to or affiliated with the Palestinian Authority or the Palestine Liberation Organization; or

(D)

any organization or other entity that—

(i)

is identified in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C); and

(ii)

self identifies as, holds itself out to be, or carries out conduct in the name of, the “State of Palestine” or “Palestine” in connection with official business of the United Nations.

(Added Pub. L. 102–572, title X, § 1003(a)(4), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4522; amended Pub. L. 115–253, § 4(a), Oct. 3, 2018, 132 Stat. 3184; Pub. L. 116–94, div. J, title IX, § 903(c)(1), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3083.)

cite as: 18 USC 2334