programs to promote the best practices in prevention, including health education messages that emphasize risk avoidance such as abstinence;

measures to ensure a safe blood supply;

voluntary HIV/AIDS testing and counseling;

measures to stop mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS, including through diagnosis of pregnant women, access to cost-effective treatment and counseling, and access to infant formula or other alternatives for infant feeding;

programs to provide for the support and education of AIDS orphans and the families, communities, and institutions most affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic;

measures for the deterrence of gender-based violence and the provision of post-exposure prophylaxis to victims of rape and sexual assault; and

incentives to promote affordable access to treatments against AIDS and related infections.