2 USC 8 - Vacancies

U.S Code last checked for updates: Nov 22, 2024

§ 8.

Vacancies

(a)

In general

(b)

Special rules in extraordinary circumstances

(1)

In general

(2)

Timing of special election

A special election held under this subsection to fill a vacancy shall take place not later than 49 days after the Speaker of the House of Representatives announces that the vacancy exists, unless, during the 75-day period which begins on the date of the announcement of the vacancy—

(A)

a regularly scheduled general election for the office involved is to be held; or

(B)

another special election for the office involved is to be held, pursuant to a writ for a special election issued by the chief executive of the State prior to the date of the announcement of the vacancy.

(3)

Nominations by parties

If a special election is to be held under this subsection, the determination of the candidates who will run in such election shall be made—

(A)

by nominations made not later than 10 days after the Speaker announces that the vacancy exists by the political parties of the State that are authorized by State law to nominate candidates for the election; or

(B)

by any other method the State considers appropriate, including holding primary elections, that will ensure that the State will hold the special election within the deadline required under paragraph (2).

(4)

Extraordinary circumstances

(A)

In general

(B)

Judicial review

If any action is brought for declaratory or injunctive relief to challenge an announcement made under subparagraph (A), the following rules shall apply:

(i)

Not later than 2 days after the announcement, the action shall be filed in the United States District Court having jurisdiction in the district of the Member of the House of Representatives whose seat has been announced to be vacant and shall be heard by a 3-judge court convened pursuant to section 2284 of title 28.

(ii)

A copy of the complaint shall be delivered promptly to the Clerk of the House of Representatives.

(iii)

A final decision in the action shall be made within 3 days of the filing of such action and shall not be reviewable.

(iv)

The executive authority of the State that contains the district of the Member of the House of Representatives whose seat has been announced to be vacant shall have the right to intervene either in support of or opposition to the position of a party to the case regarding the announcement of such vacancy.

(5)

Protecting ability of absent military and overseas voters to participate in special elections

(A)

Deadline for transmittal of absentee ballots

(B)

Period for ballot transit time

(6)

Application to District of Columbia and territories

This subsection shall apply—

(A)

to a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to the Congress in the same manner as it applies to a Member of the House of Representatives; and

(B)

to the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, and the United States Virgin Islands in the same manner as it applies to a State, except that a vacancy in the representation from any such jurisdiction in the House shall not be taken into account by the Speaker in determining whether vacancies in the representation from the States in the House exceed 100 for purposes of paragraph (4)(A).

(7)

Rule of construction regarding Federal election laws

Nothing in this subsection may be construed to affect the application to special elections under this subsection of any Federal law governing the administration of elections for Federal office (including any law providing for the enforcement of any such law), including, but not limited to, the following:

(A)

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 1973 et seq.) [now 52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.], as amended.

(B)

The Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ee et seq.) [now 52 U.S.C. 20101 et seq.], as amended.

(C)

The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff et seq.) [now 52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.], as amended.

(D)

The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg et seq.) [now 52 U.S.C. 20501 et seq.], as amended.

(E)

The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), as amended.

(F)

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.), as amended.

(G)

The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 15301 et seq.) [now 52 U.S.C. 20901 et seq.], as amended.

(R.S. § 26; Pub. L. 109–55, title III, § 301, Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 588.)

cite as: 2 USC 8