the availability of materials is essential for national security, economic well-being, and industrial production;

the availability of materials is affected by the stability of foreign sources of essential industrial materials, instability of materials markets, international competition and demand for materials, the need for energy and materials conservation, and the enhancement of environmental quality;

extraction, production, processing, use, recycling, and disposal of materials are closely linked with national concerns for energy and the environment;

the United States is strongly interdependent with other nations through international trade in materials and other products;

technological innovation and research and development are important factors which contribute to the availability and use of materials;

the United States lacks a coherent national materials policy and a coordinated program to assure the availability of materials critical for national economic well-being, national defense, and industrial production, including interstate commerce and foreign trade; and

notwithstanding the enactment of section 21a of this title, the United States does not have a coherent national materials and minerals policy.

The term “critical mineral” means any mineral, element, substance, or material designated as critical by the Secretary under section 1606(c) of this title.

The term “materials” means substances, including minerals, of current or potential use that will be needed to supply the industrial, military, and essential civilian needs of the United States in the production of goods or services, including those which are primarily imported or for which there is a prospect of shortages or uncertain supply, or which present opportunities in terms of new physical properties, use, recycling, disposal or substitution, with the exclusion of food and of energy fuels used as such.