42 USC 10367 - Water data enhancement by United States Geological Survey

U.S Code last checked for updates: Nov 22, 2024

§ 10367.

Water data enhancement by United States Geological Survey

(a)

National streamflow information program

(1)

In general

(2)

Requirements

In conducting the national streamflow information program, the Secretary shall—

(A)

measure streamflow and related environmental variables in nationally significant watersheds—

(i)

in a reliable and continuous manner; and

(ii)

to develop a comprehensive source of information on which public and private decisions relating to the management of water resources may be based;

(B)

provide for a better understanding of hydrologic extremes (including floods and droughts) through the conduct of intensive data collection activities during and following hydrologic extremes;

(C)

establish a base network that provides resources that are necessary for—

(i)

the monitoring of long-term changes in streamflow; and

(ii)

the conduct of assessments to determine the extent to which each long-term change monitored under clause (i) is related to global climate change;

(D)

integrate the national streamflow information program with data collection activities of Federal agencies and appropriate State water resource agencies (including the National Integrated Drought Information System)—

(i)

to enhance the comprehensive understanding of water availability;

(ii)

to improve flood-hazard assessments;

(iii)

to identify any data gap with respect to water resources; and

(iv)

to improve hydrologic forecasting; and

(E)

incorporate principles of adaptive management in the conduct of periodic reviews of information collected under the national streamflow information program to assess whether the objectives of the national streamflow information program are being adequately addressed.

(3)

Improved methodologies

The Secretary shall—

(A)

improve methodologies relating to the analysis and delivery of data; and

(B)

investigate, develop, and implement new methodologies and technologies to estimate or measure streamflow in a more cost-efficient manner.

(4)

Network enhancement

(A)

In general

Not later than 10 years after March 30, 2009, in accordance with subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall—

(i)

increase the number of streamgages funded by the national streamflow information program to a quantity of not less than 4,700 sites; and

(ii)

ensure all streamgages are flood-hardened and equipped with water-quality sensors and modernized telemetry.

(B)

Requirements of sites

(5)

Federal share

(6)

Authorization of appropriations

(A)

In general

(B)

Network enhancement funding

(b)

National groundwater resources monitoring

(1)

In general

(2)

Program elements

In developing the monitoring program described in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—

(A)

establish appropriate criteria for monitoring wells to ensure the acquisition of long-term, high-quality data sets, including, to the maximum extent possible, the inclusion of real-time instrumentation and reporting;

(B)

in coordination with the Advisory Committee and State and local water resource agencies—

(i)

assess the current scope of groundwater monitoring based on the access availability and capability of each monitoring well in existence as of March 30, 2009; and

(ii)

develop and carry out a monitoring plan that maximizes coverage for each major aquifer system that is located in the United States; and

(C)

prior to initiating any specific monitoring activities within a State after March 30, 2009, consult and coordinate with the applicable State water resource agency with jurisdiction over the aquifer that is the subject of the monitoring activities, and comply with all applicable laws (including regulations) of the State.

(3)

Program objectives

In carrying out the monitoring program described in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—

(A)

provide data that is necessary for the improvement of understanding with respect to surface water and groundwater interactions;

(B)

by expanding the network of monitoring wells to reach each climate division, support the groundwater climate response network to improve the understanding of the effects of global climate change on groundwater recharge and availability; and

(C)

support the objectives of the assessment program.

(4)

Improved methodologies

The Secretary shall—

(A)

improve methodologies relating to the analysis and delivery of data; and

(B)

investigate, develop, and implement new methodologies and technologies to estimate or measure groundwater recharge, discharge, and storage in a more cost-efficient manner.

(5)

Federal share

(6)

Priority

(7)

Authorization of appropriations

(c)

Brackish groundwater assessment

(1)

Study

The Secretary, in consultation with State and local water resource agencies, shall conduct a study of available data and other relevant information—

(A)

to identify significant brackish groundwater resources located in the United States; and

(B)

to consolidate any available data relating to each groundwater resource identified under subparagraph (A).

(2)

Report

Not later than 2 years after March 30, 2009, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that includes—

(A)

a description of each—

(i)

significant brackish aquifer that is located in the United States (including 1 or more maps of each significant brackish aquifer that is located in the United States);

(ii)

data gap that is required to be addressed to fully characterize each brackish aquifer described in clause (i); and

(iii)

current use of brackish groundwater that is supplied by each brackish aquifer described in clause (i); and

(B)

a summary of the information available as of March 30, 2009, with respect to each brackish aquifer described in subparagraph (A)(i) (including the known level of total dissolved solids in each brackish aquifer).

(3)

Authorization of appropriations

(d)

Improved water estimation, measurement, and monitoring technologies

(1)

Authority of Secretary

The Secretary may provide grants on a nonreimbursable basis to appropriate entities with expertise in water resource data acquisition and reporting, including Federal agencies, the Water Resources Research Institutes and other academic institutions, and private entities, to—

(A)

investigate, develop, and implement new methodologies and technologies to estimate or measure water resources data in a cost-efficient manner; and

(B)

improve methodologies relating to the analysis and delivery of data.

(2)

Priority

In providing grants to appropriate entities under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall give priority to appropriate entities that propose the development of new methods and technologies for—

(A)

predicting and measuring streamflows;

(B)

estimating changes in the storage of groundwater;

(C)

improving data standards and methods of analysis (including the validation of data entered into geographic information system databases);

(D)

measuring precipitation and potential evapotranspiration; and

(E)

water withdrawals, return flows, and consumptive use.

(3)

Partnerships

(4)

Authorization of appropriations

(Pub. L. 111–11, title IX, § 9507, Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1339.)

cite as: 42 USC 10367