48 USC 2194 - Automatic stay upon enactment

U.S Code last checked for updates: Nov 22, 2024

§ 2194.

Automatic stay upon enactment

(a)

Definitions

In this section:

(1)

Liability

The term “Liability” means a bond, loan, letter of credit, other borrowing title, obligation of insurance, or other financial indebtedness for borrowed money, including rights, entitlements, or obligations whether such rights, entitlements, or obligations arise from contract, statute, or any other source of law related to such a bond, loan, letter of credit, other borrowing title, obligation of insurance, or other financial indebtedness in physical or dematerialized form, of which—

(A)

the issuer, obligor, or guarantor is the Government of Puerto Rico; and

(B)

the date of issuance or incurrence precedes June 30, 2016.

(2)

Liability Claim

The term “Liability Claim” means, as it relates to a Liability—

(A)

right to payment, whether or not such right is reduced to judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured, or unsecured; or

(B)

right to an equitable remedy for breach of performance if such breach gives rise to a right to payment, whether or not such right to an equitable remedy is reduced to judgment, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, secured, or unsecured.

(b)

In general

Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, the establishment of an Oversight Board for Puerto Rico (i.e., the enactment of this chapter) in accordance with section 2121 of this title operates with respect to a Liability as a stay, applicable to all entities (as such term is defined in section 101 of title 11), of—

(1)

the commencement or continuation, including the issuance or employment of process, of a judicial, administrative, or other action or proceeding against the Government of Puerto Rico that was or could have been commenced before the enactment of this chapter, or to recover a Liability Claim against the Government of Puerto Rico that arose before the enactment of this chapter;

(2)

the enforcement, against the Government of Puerto Rico or against property of the Government of Puerto Rico, of a judgment obtained before the enactment of this chapter;

(3)

any act to obtain possession of property of the Government of Puerto Rico or of property from the Government of Puerto Rico or to exercise control over property of the Government of Puerto Rico;

(4)

any act to create, perfect, or enforce any lien against property of the Government of Puerto Rico;

(5)

any act to create, perfect, or enforce against property of the Government of Puerto Rico any lien to the extent that such lien secures a Liability Claim that arose before the enactment of this chapter;

(6)

any act to collect, assess, or recover a Liability Claim against the Government of Puerto Rico that arose before the enactment of this chapter; and

(7)

the setoff of any debt owing to the Government of Puerto Rico that arose before the enactment of this chapter against any Liability Claim against the Government of Puerto Rico.

(c)

Stay not operable

The establishment of an Oversight Board for Puerto Rico in accordance with section 2121 of this title does not operate as a stay—

(1)

solely under subsection (b)(1) of this section, of the continuation of, including the issuance or employment of process, of a judicial, administrative, or other action or proceeding against the Government of Puerto Rico that was commenced on or before December 18, 2015; or

(2)

of the commencement or continuation of an action or proceeding by a governmental unit to enforce such governmental unit’s or organization’s police and regulatory power, including the enforcement of a judgment other than a money judgment, obtained in an action or proceeding by the governmental unit to enforce such governmental unit’s or organization’s police or regulatory power.

(d)

Continuation of stay

Except as provided in subsections (e), (f), and (g) the stay under subsection (b) continues until the earlier of—

(1)

the later of—

(A)

the later of—

(i)

February 15, 2017; or

(ii)

six months after the establishment of an Oversight Board for Puerto Rico as established by section 2121(b) of this title;

(B)

the date that is 75 days after the date in subparagraph (A) if the Oversight Board delivers a certification to the Governor that, in the Oversight Board’s sole discretion, an additional 75 days are needed to seek to complete a voluntary process under subchapter VI of this chapter with respect to the government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or any of its territorial instrumentalities; or

(C)

the date that is 60 days after the date in subparagraph (A) if the district court to which an application has been submitted under subparagraph 1

 So in original. Probably should be “section”.

2231(m)(1)(D) of this title determines, in the exercise of the court’s equitable powers, that an additional 60 days are needed to complete a voluntary process under subchapter VI of this chapter with respect to the government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or any of its territorial instrumentalities; or

(2)

with respect to the government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or any of its territorial instrumentalities, the date on which a case is filed by or on behalf of the government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or any of its territorial instrumentalities, as applicable, under subchapter III.

(e)

Jurisdiction, relief from stay

(1)

The United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction of any civil actions arising under or related to this section.

(2)

On motion of or action filed by a party in interest and after notice and a hearing, the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, for cause shown, shall grant relief from the stay provided under subsection (b) of this section.

(f)

Termination of stay; hearing

(g)

Relief to prevent irreparable damage

(h)

Act in violation of stay is void

(i)

Government of Puerto Rico

For purposes of this section, the term “Government of Puerto Rico”, in addition to the definition set forth in section 2104(11) of this title, shall include—

(1)

the individuals, including elected and appointed officials, directors, officers of and employees acting in their official capacity on behalf of the Government of Puerto Rico; and

(2)

the Oversight Board, including the directors and officers of and employees acting in their official capacity on behalf of the Oversight Board.

(j)

No default under existing contracts

(1)

(A)

that is conditioned upon the financial condition of, or the commencement of a restructuring, insolvency, bankruptcy, or other proceeding (or a similar or analogous process) by, the Government of Puerto Rico, including a default or an event of default thereunder; or

(B)

with respect to Liability Claims—

(i)

for the non-payment of principal or interest; or

(ii)

for the breach of any condition or covenant.

(2)

The term “remedy” as used in paragraph (1) shall be interpreted broadly, and shall include any right existing in law or contract, including any right to—

(A)

setoff;

(B)

apply or appropriate funds;

(C)

seek the appointment of a custodian (as such term is defined in section 101(11) of title 11);

(D)

seek to raise rates; or

(E)

exercise control over property of the Government of Puerto Rico.

(3)

Notwithstanding any contractual provision or applicable law to the contrary and so long as a stay under this section is in effect, a contract to which the Government of Puerto Rico is a party may not be terminated or modified, and any right or obligation under such contract may not be terminated or modified, solely because of a provision in such contract is conditioned on—

(A)

the insolvency or financial condition of the Government of Puerto Rico at any time prior to the enactment of this chapter;

(B)

the adoption of a resolution or establishment of an Oversight Board pursuant to section 2121 of this title; or

(C)

a default under a separate contract that is due to, triggered by, or a result of the occurrence of the events or matters in paragraph (1)(B).

(4)

Notwithstanding any contractual provision to the contrary and so long as a stay under this section is in effect, a counterparty to a contract with the Government of Puerto Rico for the provision of goods and services shall, unless the Government of Puerto Rico agrees to the contrary in writing, continue to perform all obligations under, and comply with the terms of, such contract, provided that the Government of Puerto Rico is not in default under such contract other than as a result of a condition specified in paragraph (3).

(k)

Effect

(l)

Payments on Liabilities

(m)

Findings

Congress finds the following:

(1)

A combination of severe economic decline, and, at times, accumulated operating deficits, lack of financial transparency, management inefficiencies, and excessive borrowing has created a fiscal emergency in Puerto Rico.

(2)

As a result of its fiscal emergency, the Government of Puerto Rico has been unable to provide its citizens with effective services.

(3)

The current fiscal emergency has also affected the long-term economic stability of Puerto Rico by contributing to the accelerated outmigration of residents and businesses.

(4)

A comprehensive approach to fiscal, management, and structural problems and adjustments that exempts no part of the Government of Puerto Rico is necessary, involving independent oversight and a Federal statutory authority for the Government of Puerto Rico to restructure debts in a fair and orderly process.

(5)

Additionally, an immediate—but temporary—stay is essential to stabilize the region for the purposes of resolving this territorial crisis.

(A)

The stay advances the best interests common to all stakeholders, including but not limited to a functioning independent Oversight Board created pursuant to this chapter to determine whether to appear or intervene on behalf of the Government of Puerto Rico in any litigation that may have been commenced prior to the effectiveness or upon expiration of the stay.

(B)

The stay is limited in nature and narrowly tailored to achieve the purposes of this chapter, including to ensure all creditors have a fair opportunity to consensually renegotiate terms of repayment based on accurate financial information that is reviewed by an independent authority or, at a minimum, receive a recovery from the Government of Puerto Rico equal to their best possible outcome absent the provisions of this chapter.

(6)

Finally, the ability of the Government of Puerto Rico to obtain funds from capital markets in the future will be severely diminished without congressional action to restore its financial accountability and stability.

(n)

Purposes

The purposes of this section are to—

(1)

provide the Government of Puerto Rico with the resources and the tools it needs to address an immediate existing and imminent crisis;

(2)

allow the Government of Puerto Rico a limited period of time during which it can focus its resources on negotiating a voluntary resolution with its creditors instead of defending numerous, costly creditor lawsuits;

(3)

provide an oversight mechanism to assist the Government of Puerto Rico in reforming its fiscal governance and support the implementation of potential debt restructuring;

(4)

make available a Federal restructuring authority, if necessary, to allow for an orderly adjustment of all of the Government of Puerto Rico’s liabilities; and

(5)

benefit the lives of 3.5 million American citizens living in Puerto Rico by encouraging the Government of Puerto Rico to resolve its longstanding fiscal governance issues and return to economic growth.

(o)

Voting on voluntary agreements not stayed

(Pub. L. 114–187, title IV, § 405, June 30, 2016, 130 Stat. 587.)

cite as: 48 USC 2194