Regulations last checked for updates: Nov 22, 2024

Title 40 - Protection of Environment last revised: Nov 20, 2024
All TitlesTitle 40Chapter IPart 82Subpart GAppendix Appendix B - Appendix B to Subpart G of Part 82—Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions and Unacceptable Substitutes
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Appendix Appendix B - Appendix B to Subpart G of Part 82—Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions and Unacceptable Substitutes

Refrigerants—Acceptable Subject to Use Conditions

Application Substitute Decision Conditions Comments
CFC-12 Automobile Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning (New Equipment/NIKs only)HFC-134aAcceptable subject to use conditions, for passenger cars and light-duty trucks manufactured for Model Year 2020 or earlier, and for vehicles other than passenger cars or light-duty trucks—must be used with unique fittings
—must be used with detailed labels		EPA is concerned that the existence of several substitutes in this end-use may increase the likelihood of significant refrigerant cross-contamination and potential failure of both air conditioning systems and recovery/recycling equipment.
CFC-12 Automobile Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning (New Equipment/NIKs only)HCFC Blend Beta (R-416A)Acceptable subject to use conditions, for passenger cars and light-duty trucks manufactured for Model Year 2016 or earlier, and for vehicles other than passenger cars or light-duty trucks—must be used with unique fittings
—must be used with detailed labels		EPA is concerned that the existence of several substitutes in this end-use may increase the likelihood of significant refrigerant cross-contamination and potential failure of both air conditioning systems and recovery/recycling equipment.
CFC-12 Automobile Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning (New Equipment/NIKs only)R-401CAcceptable subject to use conditions—must be used with unique fittings
—must be used with detailed labels		EPA is concerned that the existence of several substitutes in this end-use may increase the likelihood of significant refrigerant cross-contamination and potential failure of both air conditioning systems and recovery/recycling equipment.
CFC-12 Automobile Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning (Retrofit Equipment only)HFC-134a, R-401C, HCFC Blend Beta (R-416A)Acceptable subject to use conditions—must be used with unique fittings
—must be used with detailed labels
—all CFC-12 must be removed from the system prior to retrofitting
Refer to the text for a full description		EPA is concerned that the existence of several substitutes in this end-use may increase the likelihood of significant refrigerant cross-contamination and potential failure of both air conditioning systems and recovery/recycling equipment. No distinction is made between “retrofit” and “drop-in” refrigerants; retrofitting a car to use a new refrigerant includes all procedures that result in the air conditioning system using a new refrigerant.
CFC-12 Automobile Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning (New equipment only)R-152a as a substitute for CFC-12Acceptable subject to use conditionsEngineering strategies and/or devices shall be incorporated into the system such that foreseeable leaks into the passenger compartment do not result in R-152a concentrations of 3.7% v/v or above in any part of the free space1inside the passenger compartment for more than 15 seconds when the car ignition is on
Manufacturers must adhere to all the safety requirements listed in the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standard J639 (adopted 2011), including unique fittings and a flammable refrigerant warning label as well as SAE Standard J2773 (adopted February 2011)		Additional training for service technicians recommended.
Manufacturers should conduct and keep on file failure mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) on the MVAC as stated in SAE J1739.
CFC-12 Automobile Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning (New equipment in passenger cars and light-duty trucks only)HFO-1234yf as a substitute for CFC-12Acceptable subject to use conditionsAs of June 3, 2022:
(1) HFO-1234yf MVAC systems must adhere to all of the safety requirements of SAE J639,4 7 including requirements for a flammable refrigerant warning label, high-pressure compressor cutoff switch and pressure relief devices, and unique fittings. For connections with refrigerant containers for use in professional servicing, use fittings must be consistent with SAE J2844.6 7 For connections with small refrigerant cans for consumer or professional use, use fittings must have a diameter of 0.5 inches, a thread pitch of 16 thread per inch, and a left thread direction, consistent with SAE J2844.
(2) Manufacturers must conduct Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as provided in SAE J1739.5 7 Manufacturers must keep the FMEA on file for at least three years from the date of creation		Additional training for service technicians recommended.
HFO-1234yf is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-1-ene (CAS. Reg. No. 754-12-1).
Consistent with EPA's Significant New Use Rule for HFO-1234yf under the Toxic Substances Control Act, commercial users or consumers can only recharge MVAC systems with HFO-1234yf where the original charging of the system with HFO-1234yf was done by the original equipment manufacturer.
Refrigerant containers of HFO-1234yf for use in professional servicing are from 5 lbs. (2.3 L) to 50 lbs. (23 L) in size.
Requirements for handling, storage, and transportation of compressed gases apply to this refrigerant, such as regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration at 29 CFR 1910.101 and the Department of Transportation's requirements at 49 CFR 171-179.
Requirements for handling, storage, and transportation of compressed gases apply to this refrigerant, such as regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration at 29 CFR 1910.101 and the Department of Transportation's requirements at 49 CFR 171-179.
CFC-12 Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning (New equipment only)Carbon dioxide (CO2) as a substitute for CFC-12Acceptable subject to use conditionsEngineering strategies and/or mitigation devices shall be incorporated such that in the event of refrigerant leaks, the resulting CO2 concentrations do not exceed:Additional training for service technicians is recommended.
The short term exposure level (STEL) of 3% or 30,000 ppm averaged over 15 minutes in the passenger free space 1; and;
The ceiling limit of 4% or 40,000 ppm in the passenger breathing zone. 2		In designing risk mitigation strategies and/or devices, manufacturers should factor in background CO2 concentrations in the passenger cabin potentially contributed from normal respiration by the maximum number of vehicle occupants.
Vehicle manufacturers must keep records of the tests performed for a minimum period of three years demonstrating that CO2 refrigerant levels do not exceed the STEL of 3% averaged over 15 minutes in the passenger free space, and the ceiling limit of 4% in the breathing zoneUse of the standards SAE J1052, SAE J2772, and SAE J2773 is recommended as additional reference.
The use of CO2 in MVAC systems must adhere to the standard conditions identified in SAE Standard J639 (2011 version) including:
Installation of a high pressure system warning label;
Installation of a compressor cut-off switch; and
Use of unique fittings with:
Outside diameter of 16.6 +0/−0.2 mm (0.6535 +0/−0.0078 inches) for the MVAC low-side;
Outside diameter of 18.1 +0/−0.2 mm (0.7126 +0/−0.0078 inches) for the MVAC high-side; and
Outside diameter of 20.955 +0/−0.127 mm (0.825 +0/−0.005 inches) and right-hand thread direction for CO2 refrigerant service containers. 3		Manufacturers should conduct and keep on file Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis in Design [Design FMEA], Potential Failure Mode and Effect Analysis in Manufacturing and Assembly Process [Process FMEA] on the MVAC as stated in SAE J1739.
Motor vehicle air conditioning (newly manufactured medium-duty passenger vehicles)HFO-1234yfAcceptable subject to use conditionsAs of June 3, 2022:
(1) HFO-1234yf MVAC systems must adhere to all of the safety requirements of SAE J639,4 7 including requirements for a flammable refrigerant warning label, high-pressure compressor cutoff switch and pressure relief devices, and unique fittings. For connections with refrigerant containers for use in professional servicing, use fittings must be consistent with SAE J2844.6 7 For connections with small refrigerant cans for consumer or professional use, use fittings must have a diameter of 0.5 inches, a thread pitch of 16 thread per inch, and a left thread direction, consistent with SAE J2844
(2) Manufacturers must conduct Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as provided in SAE J1739.5 7 Manufacturers must keep the FMEA on file for at least three years from the date of creation		Additional training for service technicians recommended.
HFO-1234yf is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-1-ene (CAS. Reg. No. 754-12-1).
Consistent with EPA's Significant New Use Rule for HFO-1234yf under the Toxic Substances Control Act, commercial users or consumers can only recharge MVAC systems with HFO-1234yf where the original charging of the system with HFO-1234yf was done by the original equipment manufacturer.
Motor vehicle air conditioning (newly manufactured heavy-duty pickup trucks)HFO-1234yfAcceptable subject to use conditionsAs of June 3, 2022:
(1) HFO-1234yf MVAC systems must adhere to all of the safety requirements of SAE J639,4 7 including requirements for a flammable refrigerant warning label, high-pressure compressor cutoff switch and pressure relief devices, and unique fittings. For connections with refrigerant containers for use in professional servicing, use fittings must be consistent with SAE J2844.6 7 For connections with small refrigerant cans for consumer or professional use, use fittings must have a diameter of 0.5 inches, a thread pitch of 16 thread per inch, and a left thread direction, consistent with SAE J2844
(2) Manufacturers must conduct Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as provided in SAE J1739.5 7 Manufacturers must keep the FMEA on file for at least three years from the date of creation		Additional training for service technicians recommended.
HFO-1234yf is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-1-ene (CAS No. 754-12-1).
Consistent with EPA's Significant New Use Rule for HFO-1234yf under the Toxic Substances Control Act, commercial users or consumers can only recharge MVAC systems with HFO-1234yf where the original charging of the system with HFO-1234yf was done by the original equipment manufacturer.
Motor vehicle air conditioning (newly manufactured complete heavy-duty vans only)HFO-1234yfAcceptable subject to use conditionsAs of June 3, 2022:
(1) HFO-1234yf MVAC systems must adhere to all of the safety requirements of SAE J639,4 7 including requirements for a flammable refrigerant warning label, high-pressure compressor cutoff switch and pressure relief devices, and unique fittings. For connections with refrigerant containers for use in professional servicing, use fittings must be consistent with SAE J2844.6 7 For connections with small refrigerant cans for consumer or professional use, use fittings must have a diameter of 0.5 inches, a thread pitch of 16 thread per inch, and a left thread direction, consistent with SAE J2844
(2) Manufacturers must conduct Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as provided in SAE J1739.5 7 Manufacturers must keep the FMEA on file for at least three years from the date of creation		Additional training for service technicians recommended.
HFO-1234yf is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-1-ene (CAS No. 754-12-1).
HFO-1234yf is acceptable for complete heavy-duty vans. Complete heavy-duty vans are not altered by a secondary or tertiary manufacturer.
Consistent with EPA's Significant New Use Rule for HFO-1234yf under the Toxic Substances Control Act, commercial users or consumers can only recharge MVAC systems with HFO-1234yf where the original charging of the system with HFO-1234yf was done by the original equipment manufacturer.
Motor vehicle air conditioning (newly manufactured heavy-duty pickup trucks)HFO-1234yfAcceptable subject to use conditionsAs of June 3, 2022:
(1) HFO-1234yf MVAC systems must adhere to all of the safety requirements of SAE J639,4 7 including requirements for a flammable refrigerant warning label, high-pressure compressor cutoff switch and pressure relief devices, and unique fittings. For connections with refrigerant containers for use in professional servicing, use fittings must be consistent with SAE J2844.6 7 For connections with small refrigerant cans for consumer or professional use, use fittings must have a diameter of 0.5 inches, a thread pitch of 16 thread per inch, and a left thread direction, consistent with SAE J2844
(2) Manufacturers must conduct Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as provided in SAE J1739.5 7 Manufacturers must keep the FMEA on file for at least three years from the date of creation		Additional training for service technicians recommended.
HFO-1234yf is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-1-ene (CAS No. 754-12-1).
Consistent with EPA's Significant New Use Rule for HFO-1234yf under the Toxic Substances Control Act, commercial users or consumers can only recharge MVAC systems with HFO-1234yf where the original charging of the system with HFO-1234yf was done by the original equipment manufacturer.
Motor vehicle air conditioning (newly manufactured complete heavy-duty vans only)HFO-1234yfAcceptable subject to use conditionsAs of June 3, 2022:
(1) HFO-1234yf MVAC systems must adhere to all of the safety requirements of SAE J639,4 7 including requirements for a flammable refrigerant warning label, high-pressure compressor cutoff switch and pressure relief devices, and unique fittings. For connections with refrigerant containers for use in professional servicing, use fittings must be consistent with SAE J2844.6 7 For connections with small refrigerant cans for consumer or professional use, use fittings must have a diameter of 0.5 inches, a thread pitch of 16 thread per inch, and a left thread direction, consistent with SAE J2844
(2) Manufacturers must conduct Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as provided in SAE J1739.5 7 Manufacturers must keep the FMEA on file for at least three years from the date of creation		Additional training for service technicians recommended.
HFO-1234yf is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-1-ene (CAS No. 754-12-1).
HFO-1234yf is acceptable for complete heavy-duty vans. Complete heavy-duty vans are not altered by a secondary or tertiary manufacturer.
Consistent with EPA's Significant New Use Rule for HFO-1234yf under the Toxic Substances Control Act, commercial users or consumers can only recharge MVAC systems with HFO-1234yf where the original charging of the system with HFO-1234yf was done by the original equipment manufacturer.
Motor vehicle air conditioning (newly manufactured nonroad agricultural tractors with greater than 40 horsepower)HFO-1234yfAcceptable subject to use conditionsAs of June 3, 2022:
(1) Systems must adhere to all of the safety requirements of SAE J639,4 7 including requirements for a flammable refrigerant warning label, high-pressure compressor cutoff switch and pressure relief devices, and unique fittings. For connections with refrigerant containers for use in professional servicing, use fittings must be consistent with SAE J2844.6 7 For connections with small refrigerant cans for consumer or professional use, use fittings must have a diameter of 0.5 inches, a thread pitch of 16 thread per inch, and a left thread direction, consistent with SAE J2844
(2) Manufacturers must conduct Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as provided in SAE J1739.5 7 Manufacturers must keep the FMEA on file for at least three years from the date of creation		Additional training for service technicians recommended.
HFO-1234yf is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-1-ene (CAS No. 754-12-1).
Consistent with EPA's Significant New Use Rule for HFO-1234yf under the Toxic Substances Control Act, commercial users or consumers can only recharge MVAC systems with HFO-1234yf where the original charging of the system with HFO-1234yf was done by the original equipment manufacturer.
Motor vehicle air conditioning (newly manufactured nonroad self-propelled agricultural machinery)HFO-1234yfAcceptable subject to use conditionsAs of June 3, 2022:
(1) HFO-1234yf MVAC systems must adhere to all of the safety requirements of SAE J639,4 7 including requirements for a flammable refrigerant warning label, high-pressure compressor cutoff switch and pressure relief devices, and unique fittings. For connections with refrigerant containers for use in professional servicing, use fittings must be consistent with SAE J28446 7 For connections with small refrigerant cans for consumer or professional use, use fittings must have a diameter of 0.5 inches, a thread pitch of 16 thread per inch, and a left thread direction, consistent with SAE J2844
(2) Manufacturers must conduct Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as provided in SAE J1739.5 7 Manufacturers must keep the FMEA on file for at least three years from the date of creation		Additional training for service technicians recommended.
HFO-1234yf is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-1-ene (CAS No. 754-12-1).
Consistent with EPA's Significant New Use Rule for HFO-1234yf under the Toxic Substances Control Act commercial users or consumers can only recharge MVAC systems with HFO-1234yf where the original charging of the system with HFO-1234yf was done by the original equipment manufacturer.
Motor vehicle air conditioning (newly manufactured nonroad compact equipment)HFO-1234yfAcceptable subject to use conditionsAs of June 3, 2022:
(1) HFO-1234yf MVAC systems must adhere to all of the safety requirements of SAE J639,4 7 including requirements for a flammable refrigerant warning label, high-pressure compressor cutoff switch and pressure relief devices, and unique fittings. For connections with refrigerant containers for use in professional servicing, use fittings must be consistent with SAE J2844.6 7 For connections with small refrigerant cans for consumer or professional use, use fittings must have a diameter of 0.5 inches, a thread pitch of 16 thread per inch, and a left thread direction, consistent with SAE J2844)
(2) Manufacturers must conduct Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as provided in SAE J1739.5 7 Manufacturers must keep the FMEA on file for at least three years from the date of creation		Additional training for service technicians recommended.
HFO-1234yf is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-1-ene (CAS No. 754-12-1).
Consistent with EPA's Significant New Use Rule for HFO-1234yf under the Toxic Substances Control Act (80 FR 37166, June 30, 2015), commercial users or consumers can only recharge MVAC systems with HFO-1234yf where the original charging of the system with HFO-1234yf was done by the original equipment manufacturer.
Motor vehicle air conditioning (newly manufactured nonroad construction, forestry, and mining equipment)HFO-1234yfAcceptable subject to use conditionsAs of June 3, 2022:
(1) HFO-1234yf MVAC systems must adhere to all of the safety requirements of SAE J639,4 7 including requirements for a flammable refrigerant warning label, high-pressure compressor cutoff switch and pressure relief devices, and unique fittings. For connections with refrigerant containers for use in professional servicing, use fittings must be consistent with SAE J2844.6 7 For connections with small refrigerant cans for consumer or professional use, use fittings must have a diameter of 0.5 inches, a thread pitch of 16 thread per inch, and a left thread direction, consistent with SAE J2844
(2) Manufacturers must conduct Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as provided in SAE J1739.5 7 Manufacturers must keep the FMEA on file for at least three years from the date of creation		Additional training for service technicians recommended.
HFO-1234yf is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-1-ene (CAS No. 754-12-1).
Consistent with EPA's Significant New Use Rule for HFO-1234yf under the Toxic Substances Control Act, commercial users or consumers can only recharge MVAC systems with HFO-1234yf where the original charging of the system with HFO-1234yf was done by the original equipment manufacturer.
Motor vehicle air conditioning (newly manufactured nonroad commercial utility vehicles)HFO-1234yfAcceptable subject to use conditionsAs of June 3, 2022:
(1) HFO-1234yf MVAC systems must adhere to all of the safety requirements of SAE J639,4 7 including requirements for a flammable refrigerant warning label, high-pressure compressor cutoff switch and pressure relief devices, and unique fittings. For connections with refrigerant containers for use in professional servicing, use fittings must be consistent with SAE J2844.6 7 For connections with small refrigerant cans for consumer or professional use, use fittings must have a diameter of 0.5 inches, a thread pitch of 16 thread per inch, and a left thread direction, consistent with SAE J2844
(2) Manufacturers must conduct Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as provided in SAE J1739.5 7 Manufacturers must keep the FMEA on file for at least three years from the date of creation		Additional training for service technicians recommended.
HFO-1234yf is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-1-ene (CAS No. 754-12-1).
Consistent with EPA's Significant New Use Rule for HFO-1234yf under the Toxic Substances Control Act, commercial users or consumers can only recharge MVAC systems with HFO-1234yf where the original charging of the system with HFO-1234yf was done by the original equipment manufacturer.

1 Free space is defined as the space inside the passenger compartment excluding the space enclosed by the ducting in the HVAC module.

2 Area inside the passenger compartment where the driver's and passengers' heads are located during a normal sitting position. Refer to SAE J1052 for information on determining passenger head position.

3 The refrigerant service containers fitting requirement applies only to refrigerant service containers used during servicing of the MVAC, in accordance with the provisions established for MVAC servicing under 40 CFR part 82, subpart B.

Refrigerants—Acceptable Subject to Narrowed Use Limits

End-use Substitute Decision Comments
CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115 Non-Mechanical Heat Transfer, NewC3 F8, C4 F10, C5 F12, C5 F11 NO, C6 F14, C6 F13 NO, C7 F16, C7 F15 NO, C8 F18, C8 F16 O, and C9 F21 NAcceptable only where no other alternatives are technically feasible due to safety or performance requirementsUsers must observe the limitations on PFC acceptability by determining that the physical or chemical properties or other technical constraints of the other available agents preclude their use. Documentation of such measures must be available for review upon request.
The principal environmental characteristic of concern for PFCs is that they have high GWPs and long atmospheric lifetimes. EPA strongly recommends recovery and recycling of these substitutes.
Motor vehicle air conditioning (new equipment in passenger cars and light-duty trucks only)HFC-134aAcceptable for use in Model Year (MY) 2021 through MY 2025 passenger cars and light-duty trucks destined for export, where reasonable efforts have been made to ascertain that other alternatives are not technically feasible because of lack of infrastructure for servicing with alternative refrigerants in the destination countryVehicle manufacturers must document their determination that the infrastructure is not in place for each country to which they plan to export vehicles and must retain the documentation in their files for at least five years after date of its creation for the purpose of demonstrating compliance.
Documentation is to include descriptions of:
• Products in which the substitute is needed;
• Substitutes examined and rejected for the destination country;
• Reason for rejection of other alternatives; and
• Anticipated date other substitutes will be available and projected date of transition in the destination country.

Refrigerants—Unacceptable Substitutes

End-use Substitute Decision Comments
CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114, R-500 Centrifugal Chillers (Retrofit and New Equipment/NIKs)R-405AUnacceptableR-405A contains R-c318, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
Hydrocarbon Blend BUnacceptableFlammability is a serious concern. Data have not been submitted to demonstrate it can be used safely in this end-use.
CFC-12 Reciprocating Chillers (Retrofit and New Equipment/NIKs)R-405AUnacceptableR-405A contains R-c318, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
Hydrocarbon Blend BUnacceptableFlammability is a serious concern. Data have not been submitted to demonstrate it can be used safely in this end-use.
CFC-11, CFC-12, R-502 Industrial Process Refrigeration (Retrofit and New Equipment/NIKs)R-403BUnacceptableR-403B contains R-218, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
R-405AUnacceptableR-405A contains R-c318, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
CFC-12, R-502 Ice Skating Rinks (Retrofit and New Equipment/NIKs)R-405AUnacceptableR-405A contains R-c318, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
Hydrocarbon Blend BUnacceptableFlammability is a serious concern. Data have not been submitted to demonstrate it can be used safely in this end-use.
CFC-12, R-502 Cold Storage Warehouses (Retrofit and New Equipment/NIKs)R-403BUnacceptableR-403B contains R-218, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
R-405AUnacceptableR-405A contains R-c318, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
Hydrocarbon Blend BUnacceptableFlammability is a serious concern. Data have not been submitted to demonstrate it can be used safely in this end-use.
CFC-12, R-500, R-502 Refrigerated Transport (Retrofit and New Equipment/NIKs)R-403BUnacceptableR-403B contains R-218, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
R-405AUnacceptableR-405A contains R-c318, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
Hydrocarbon Blend BUnacceptableFlammability is a serious concern. Data have not been submitted to demonstrate it can be used safely in this end-use.
CFC-12, R-502 Retail Food Refrigeration (Retrofit and New Equipment/NIKs)R-403BUnacceptableR-403B contains R-218, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
R-405AUnacceptableR-405A contains R-c318, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
Hydrocarbon Blend BUnacceptableFlammability is a serious concern. Data have not been submitted to demonstrate it can be used safely in this end-use.
CFC-12, R-502 Commercial Ice Machines (Retrofit and New Equipment/NIKs)R-403BUnacceptableR-403B contains R-218, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
R-405AUnacceptableR-405A contains R-c318, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
Hydrocarbon Blend BUnacceptableFlammability is a serious concern. Data have not been submitted to demonstrate it can be used safely in this end-use.
CFC-12 Vending Machines (Retrofit and New Equipment/NIKs)R-405AUnacceptableR-405A contains R-c318, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
Hydrocarbon Blend BUnacceptableFlammability is a serious concern. Data have not been submitted to demonstrate it can be used safely in this end-use.
CFC-12 Water Coolers (Retrofit and New Equipment/NIKs)R-405AUnacceptableR-405A contains R-c318, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
Hydrocarbon Blend BUnacceptableFlammability is a serious concern. Data have not been submitted to demonstrate it can be used safely in this end-use.
CFC-12 Household Refrigerators (Retrofit and New Equipment/NIKs)R-405AUnacceptableR-405A contains R-c318, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
Hydrocarbon Blend BUnacceptableFlammability is a serious concern. Data have not been submitted to demonstrate it can be used safely in this end-use.
CFC-12, R-502 Household Freezers (Retrofit and New Equipment/NIKs)R-403BUnacceptableR-403B contains R-218, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
R-405AUnacceptableR-405A contains R-c318, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
Hydrocarbon Blend BUnacceptableFlammability is a serious concern. Data have not been submitted to demonstrate it can be used safely in this end-use.
CFC-12, R-500 Residential Dehumidifiers (Retrofit and New Equipment/NIKs)R-405AUnacceptableR-405A contains R-c318, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
Hydrocarbon Blend BUnacceptableFlammability is a serious concern. Data have not been submitted to demonstrate it can be used safely in this end-use.
CFC-12 Motor Vehicle Air Conditioners (Retrofit and New Equipment/NIKs)R-405AUnacceptableR-405A contains R-c318, a PFC, which has an extremely high GWP and lifetime. Other Substitutes exist which do not contain PFCs.
Hydrocarbon Blend BUnacceptableFlammability is a serious concern. Data have not been submitted to demonstrate it can be used safely in this end-use.
Flammable Substitutes, other than R-152a or HFO-1234yf in new equipmentUnacceptableThe risks associated with using flammable substitutes (except R-152a and HFO-1234yf) in this end-use have not been addressed by a risk assessment. R-152a and HFO-1234yf may be used in new equipment with the use conditions in appendix B to this subpart.
Motor vehicle air conditioning (new equipment in passenger cars and light-duty trucks only)HFC-134aUnacceptable as of Model Year 2021 except where allowed under narrowed use limitHFC-134a has a Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS Reg. No.) of 811-97-2 and it is also known by the name 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane. HFC-134a has a GWP of 1,430. Other substitutes will be available for this end-use with lower overall risk to human health and the environment by the status change date.
This listing does not prohibit the servicing or replacement of motor vehicle air conditioning systems manufactured to use HFC-134a.
Motor vehicle air conditioning (new equipment in passenger cars and light-duty trucks only)R-406A, R-414A (HCFC Blend Xi, GHG-X4), R-414B (HCFC Blend Omicron), HCFC Blend Delta (Free Zone), Freeze 12, GHG-X5, HCFC Blend Lambda (GHG-HP), R-416A (FRIGC FR-12, HCFC Blend Beta)Unacceptable as of Model Year 2017These refrigerants all contain HCFCs. They have GWPs ranging from 1,080 to 2,340 and ODPs ranging from 0.008 to 0.056. Other substitutes will be available for this end-use with lower overall risk to human health and the environment by the status change date.
Motor vehicle air conditioning (new equipment in passenger cars and light-duty trucks only)SP34E, R-426A (RS-24, new formulation)Unacceptable as of Model Year 2017These blends have GWPs ranging from approximately 1,410 to 1,510. Other substitutes will be available for this end-use with lower overall risk to human health and the environment by the status change date.

Solvent Cleaning Sector—Acceptable Subject to Use Conditions Substitutes

Application Substitute Decision Conditions Comments
Electronics Cleaning w/CFC-113, MCFHCFC-225 ca/cbAcceptableSubject to the company set exposure limit of 25 ppm of the -ca isomerHCFC-225 ca/cb blend is offered as a 45%-ca/55%-cb blend. The company set exposure limit of the -ca isomer is 25 ppm. The company set exposure limit of the -cb isomer is 250 ppm. It is the Agency's opinion that with the low emission cold cleaning and vapor degreasing equipment designed for this use, the 25 ppm limit of the HCFC-225 ca isomer can be met. The company is submitting further exposure monitoring data.
Precision Cleaning w/CFC-113, MCFHCFC-225 ca/cbAcceptableSubject to the company set exposure limit of 25 ppm of the -ca isomerHCFC-225 ca/cb blend is offered as a 45%-ca/55%-cb blend. The company set exposure limit of the -ca isomer is 25 ppm. The company set exposure limit of the -cb isomer is 250 ppm. It is the Agency's opinion that with the low emission cold cleaning and vapor degreasing equipment designed for this use, the 25 ppm limit of the HCFC-225 ca isomer can be met. The company is submitting further exposure monitoring data.

Solvent Cleaning Sector—Unacceptable Substitutes

End use Substitute Decision Comments
Metals cleaning w/CFC-113DibromomethaneUnacceptableHigh ODP; other alternatives exist.
Metals cleaning w/MCFDibromomethaneUnacceptableHigh ODP; other alternatives exist.
Electronics cleaning w/CFC-113DibromomethaneUnacceptableHigh ODP; other alternatives exist.
Electronics cleaning w/MCFDibromomethaneUnacceptableHigh ODP; other alternatives exist.
Precision cleaning w/CFC-113DibromomethaneUnacceptableHigh ODP; other alternatives exist.
Precision cleaning w/MCFDibromomethaneUnacceptableHigh ODP; other alternatives exist.

Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection—Acceptable Subject to Use Conditions: Total Flooding Agents

Application Substitute Decision Conditions Comments
Halon 1301 Total Flooding AgentsInert Gas/Powdered Aerosol BlendAcceptable as a Halon 1301 substitute in normally unoccupied areasIn areas where personnel could possibly be present, as in a cargo area, EPA requires that the employer shall provide a pre-discharge employee alarm capable of being perceived above ambient light or noise levels for alerting employees before system discharge. The pre-discharge alarm shall provide employees time to safely exit the discharge area prior to system dischargeThe manufacturer's SNAP application requested listing for use in unoccupied areas only.
See additional comment 2.

Additional Comments

1—Must conform with OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart L Section 1910.160 of the U.S. Code. You should use clean agents in accordance with the safety guidelines in the latest edition of the NFPA 2001 Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems.

2—Per OSHA requirements, protective gear (SCBA) must be available in the event personnel must enter/reenter the area.

3—Discharge testing should be strictly limited only to that which is essential to meet safety or performance requirements.

4—The agent should be recovered from the fire protection system in conjunction with testing or servicing, and recycled for later use or destroyed.

Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection—Acceptable Subject to Narrowed Use Limits: Total Flooding Agents

End-use Substitute Decision Conditions Further information
Total floodingSulfurhexafluoride (SF6)Acceptable subject to narrowed use in limitsMay be used as a discharge test agent in military uses and in civilian aircraft uses onlyThis agent has an atmospheric lifetime greater than 1,000 years, with an estimated 100-year, 500-year, and 1,000-year GWP of 16,100, 26,110 and 32,803 respectively. Users should limit testing only to that which is essential to meet safety or performance requirements.
This agent is only used to test new Halon 1301 systems.
See additional comments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Total floodingCF3IAcceptable subject to narrowed use limitsUse only in normally unoccupied areasUse of this agent should be in accordance with the safety guidelines in the latest edition of the NFPA 2001 Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems.
Manufacturer has not applied for listing for use in normally occupied areas. Preliminary cardiosensitization data indicates that this agent would not be suitable for use in normally occupied areas.
See additional comments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Additional comments:

1—Must conform with relevant OSHA requirements, including 29 CFR 1910, Subpart L, Sections 1910.160 and 1910.162.

2—Per OSHA requirements, protective gear (SCBA) should be available in the event personnel should reenter the area.

3—Discharge testing should be strictly limited to that which is essential to meet safety or performance requirements.

4—The agent should be recovered from the fire protection system in conjunction with testing or servicing, and recycled for later use or destroyed.

5—EPA has no intention of duplicating or displacing OSHA coverage related to the use of personal protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training or any other occupational safety and health standard with respect to halon substitutes.

Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection—Unacceptable Substitutes

Application Substitute Decision Comments
Halon 1301 Total Flooding AgentsHFC-32UnacceptableData indicate that HFC-32 is flammable and therefore is not suitable as a halon substitute.
[60 FR 31103, June 13, 1995, as amended at 67 FR 4200, Jan. 29, 2002; 73 FR 33310, June 12, 2008; 76 FR 17519, Mar. 29, 2011; 77 FR 17350, Mar. 26, 2012; 77 FR 33330, June 6, 2012; 80 FR 42952, July 20, 2015; 81 FR 86881, Dec. 1, 2016; 87 FR 26292, May 4, 2022]
authority: 42 U.S.C. 7414,7601,7671
source: 57 FR 33787, July 30, 1992, unless otherwise noted.
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