Regulations last checked for updates: Jan 31, 2025

Title 40 - Protection of Environment last revised: Nov 08, 2025
Appendix - Table A-1 to Subpart A of Part 98—Global Warming Potentials, 100-Year Time Horizon

Table A-1 to Subpart A of Part 98—Global Warming Potentials, 100-Year Time Horizon

Name CAS No. Chemical formula Global
warming
potential
(100 yr.)
Chemical-Specific GWPs
Carbon dioxide124-38-9CO21
Methane74-82-8CH4 a d 28
Nitrous oxide10024-97-2N2O a d 265
Fully Fluorinated GHGs
Sulfur hexafluoride2551-62-4SF6 a d 23,500
Trifluoromethyl sulphur pentafluoride373-80-8SF5CF3 d 17,400
Nitrogen trifluoride7783-54-2NF3 d 16,100
PFC-14 (Perfluoromethane)75-73-0CF4 a d 6,630
PFC-116 (Perfluoroethane)76-16-4C2F6 a d 11,100
PFC-218 (Perfluoropropane)76-19-7C3F8 a d 8,900
Perfluorocyclopropane931-91-9c-C3F6 d 9,200
PFC-3-1-10 (Perfluorobutane)355-25-9C4F10 a d 9,200
PFC-318 (Perfluorocyclobutane)115-25-3c-C4F8 a d 9,540
Perfluorotetrahydrofuran773-14-8c-C4F8O e 13,900
PFC-4-1-12 (Perfluoropentane)678-26-2C5F12 a d 8,550
PFC-5-1-14 (Perfluorohexane, FC-72)355-42-0C6F14 a d 7,910
PFC-6-1-12335-57-9C7F16; CF3(CF2)5CF3 b 7,820
PFC-7-1-18307-34-6C8F18; CF3(CF2)6CF3 b 7,620
PFC-9-1-18306-94-5C10F18 d 7,190
PFPMIE (HT-70)NACF3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF2OCF3 d 9,710
Perfluorodecalin (cis)60433-11-6Z-C10F18 b d 7,240
Perfluorodecalin (trans)60433-12-7E-C10F18 b d 6,290
Perfluorotriethylamine359-70-6N(C2F5)3 e 10,300
Perfluorotripropylamine338-83-0N(CF2CF2CF3)3 e 9,030
Perfluorotributylamine311-89-7N(CF2CF2CF2CF3)3 e 8,490
Perfluorotripentylamine338-84-1N(CF2CF2CF2CF2CF3)3 e 7,260
Saturated Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) With Two or Fewer Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds
(4s,5s)-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,5-octafluorocyclopentane158389-18-5trans-cyc (-CF2CF2CF2CHFCHF-) e 258
HFC-2375-46-7CHF3 a d 12,400
HFC-3275-10-5CH2F2 a d 677
HFC-125354-33-6C2HF5 a d 3,170
HFC-134359-35-3C2H2F4 a d 1,120
HFC-134a811-97-2CH2FCF3 a d 1,300
HFC-227ca2252-84-8CF3CF2CHF2 b 2,640
HFC-227ea431-89-0C3HF7 a d 3,350
HFC-236cb677-56-5CH2FCF2CF3 d 1,210
HFC-236ea431-63-0CHF2CHFCF3 d 1,330
HFC-236fa690-39-1C3H2F6 a d 8,060
HFC-329p375-17-7CHF2CF2CF2CF3 b 2360
HFC-43-10mee138495-42-8CF3CFHCFHCF2CF3 a d 1,650
Saturated Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) With Three or More Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds
1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluorocyclopentane123768-18-3cyc (-CF2CF2CF2CH2CH2-) e 120
1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane15290-77-4cyc (-CF2CF2CF2CHFCH2-) e 231
HFC-41593-53-3CH3F a d 116
HFC-143430-66-0C2H3F3 a d 328
HFC-143a420-46-2C2H3F3 a d 4,800
HFC-152624-72-6CH2FCH2F d 16
HFC-152a75-37-6CH3CHF2 a d 138
HFC-161353-36-6CH3CH2F d 4
HFC-245ca679-86-7C3H3F5 a d 716
HFC-245cb1814-88-6CF3CF2CH3 b 4,620
HFC-245ea24270-66-4CHF2CHFCHF2 b 235
HFC-245eb431-31-2CH2FCHFCF3 b 290
HFC-245fa460-73-1CHF2CH2CF3 d 858
HFC-263fb421-07-8CH3CH2CF3 b 76
HFC-272ca420-45-1CH3CF2CH3 b 144
HFC-365mfc406-58-6CH3CF2CH2CF3 d 804
Saturated Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and Hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs) With One Carbon-Hydrogen Bond
HFE-1253822-68-2CHF2OCF3 d 12,400
HFE-227ea2356-62-9CF3CHFOCF3 d 6,450
HFE-329mcc2134769-21-4CF3CF2OCF2CHF2 d 3,070
HFE-329me3428454-68-6CF3CFHCF2OCF3 b 4,550
1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-propane3330-15-2CF3CF2CF2OCHFCF3 b 6,490
Saturated HFEs and HCFEs With Two Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds
HFE-134 (HG-00)1691-17-4CHF2OCHF2 d 5,560
HFE-236ca32778-11-3CHF2OCF2CHF2 b 4,240
HFE-236ca12 (HG-10)78522-47-1CHF2OCF2OCHF2 d 5,350
HFE-236ea2 (Desflurane)57041-67-5CHF2OCHFCF3 d 1,790
HFE-236fa20193-67-3CF3CH2OCF3 d 979
HFE-338mcf2156053-88-2CF3CF2OCH2CF3 d 929
HFE-338mmz126103-08-2CHF2OCH(CF3)2 d 2,620
HFE-338pcc13 (HG-01)188690-78-0CHF2OCF2CF2OCHF2 d 2,910
HFE-43-10pccc (H-Galden 1040x, HG-11)E1730133CHF2OCF2OC2F4OCHF2 d 2,820
HCFE-235ca2 (Enflurane)13838-16-9CHF2OCF2CHFCl b 583
HCFE-235da2 (Isoflurane)26675-46-7CHF2OCHClCF3 d 491
HG-02205367-61-9HF2C-(OCF2CF2)2-OCF2H b d 2,730
HG-03173350-37-3HF2C-(OCF2CF2)3-OCF2H b d 2,850
HG-20249932-25-0HF2C-(OCF2)2-OCF2H b 5,300
HG-21249932-26-1HF2C-OCF2CF2OCF2OCF2O-CF2H b 3,890
HG-30188690-77-9HF2C-(OCF2)3-OCF2H b 7,330
1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12,13,13,15,15-eicosafluoro-2,5,8,11,14-Pentaoxapentadecane173350-38-4HCF2O(CF2CF2O)4CF2H b 3,630
1,1,2-Trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)-ethane84011-06-3CHF2CHFOCF3 b 1,240
Trifluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane2261-01-0CH2FOCF3 b 751
Saturated HFEs and HCFEs With Three or More Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds
HFE-143a421-14-7CH3OCF3 d 523
HFE-245cb222410-44-2CH3OCF2CF3 d 654
HFE-245fa184011-15-4CHF2CH2OCF3 d 828
HFE-245fa21885-48-9CHF2OCH2CF3 d 812
HFE-254cb1425-88-7CH3OCF2CHF2 d 301
HFE-263fb2460-43-5CF3CH2OCH3 d 1
HFE-263m1; R-E-143a690-22-2CF3OCH2CH3 b 29
HFE-347mcc3 (HFE-7000)375-03-1CH3OCF2CF2CF3 d 530
HFE-347mcf2171182-95-9CF3CF2OCH2CHF2 d 854
HFE-347mmy122052-84-2CH3OCF(CF3)2 d 363
HFE-347mmz1 (Sevoflurane)28523-86-6(CF3)2CHOCH2F c 216
HFE-347pcf2406-78-0CHF2CF2OCH2CF3 d 889
HFE-356mec3382-34-3CH3OCF2CHFCF3 d 387
HFE-356mff2333-36-8CF3CH2OCH2CF3 b 17
HFE-356mmz113171-18-1(CF3)2CHOCH3 d 14
HFE-356pcc3160620-20-2CH3OCF2CF2CHF2 d 413
HFE-356pcf250807-77-7CHF2CH2OCF2CHF2 d 719
HFE-356pcf335042-99-0CHF2OCH2CF2CHF2 d 446
HFE-365mcf222052-81-9CF3CF2OCH2CH3 b 58
HFE-365mcf3378-16-5CF3CF2CH2OCH3 d 0.99
HFE-374pc2512-51-6CH3CH2OCF2CHF2 d 627
HFE-449s1 (HFE-7100) Chemical blend163702-07-6C4F9OCH3 d 421
163702-08-7(CF3)2CFCF2OCH3
HFE-569sf2 (HFE-7200) Chemical blend163702-05-4C4F9OC2H5 d 57
163702-06-5(CF3)2CFCF2OC2H5
HFE-7300132182-92-4(CF3)2CFCFOC2H5CF2CF2CF3 e 405
HFE-7500297730-93-9n-C3F7CFOC2H5CF(CF3)2 e 13
HG′-0173287-23-7CH3OCF2CF2OCH3 b 222
HG′-02485399-46-0CH3O(CF2CF2O)2CH3 b 236
HG′-03485399-48-2CH3O(CF2CF2O)3CH3 b 221
Difluoro(methoxy)methane359-15-9CH3OCHF2 b 144
2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoro-1-methoxyethane425-87-6CH3OCF2CHFCl b 122
1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane22052-86-4CF3CF2CF2OCH2CH3 b 61
2-Ethoxy-3,3,4,4,5-pentafluorotetrahydro-2,5-bis[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-furan920979-28-8C12H5F19O2 b 56
1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane380-34-7CF3CHFCF2OCH2CH3 b 23
Fluoro(methoxy)methane460-22-0CH3OCH2F b 13
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-3-methoxy-propane; Methyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether60598-17-6CHF2CF2CH2OCH3 b d 0.49
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-(fluoromethoxy)ethane37031-31-5CH2FOCF2CF2H b 871
Difluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane461-63-2CH2FOCHF2 b 617
Fluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane462-51-1CH2FOCH2F b 130
Saturated Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
E-R316c3832-15-3trans-cyc (-CClFCF2CF2CClF-) e 4,230
Z-R316c3934-26-7cis-cyc (-CClFCF2CF2CClF-) e 5,660
Fluorinated Formates
Trifluoromethyl formate85358-65-2HCOOCF3 b 588
Perfluoroethyl formate313064-40-3HCOOCF2CF3 b 580
1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl formate481631-19-0HCOOCHFCF3 b 470
Perfluorobutyl formate197218-56-7HCOOCF2CF2CF2CF3 b 392
Perfluoropropyl formate271257-42-2HCOOCF2CF2CF3 b 376
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl formate856766-70-6HCOOCH(CF3)2 b 333
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl formate32042-38-9HCOOCH2CF3 b 33
3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl formate1344118-09-7HCOOCH2CH2CF3 b 17
Fluorinated Acetates
Methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate431-47-0CF3COOCH3 b 52
1,1-Difluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate1344118-13-3CF3COOCF2CH3 b 31
Difluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate2024-86-4CF3COOCHF2 b 27
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate407-38-5CF3COOCH2CF3 b 7
Methyl 2,2-difluoroacetate433-53-4HCF2COOCH3 b 3
Perfluoroethyl acetate343269-97-6CH3COOCF2CF3 b d 2
Trifluoromethyl acetate74123-20-9CH3COOCF3 b d 2
Perfluoropropyl acetate1344118-10-0CH3COOCF2CF2CF3 b d 2
Perfluorobutyl acetate209597-28-4CH3COOCF2CF2CF2CF3 b d 2
Ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate383-63-1CF3COOCH2CH3 b d 1
Carbonofluoridates
Methyl carbonofluoridate1538-06-3FCOOCH3 b 95
1,1-Difluoroethyl carbonofluoridate1344118-11-1FCOOCF2CH3 b 27
Fluorinated Alcohols Other Than Fluorotelomer Alcohols
Bis(trifluoromethyl)-methanol920-66-1(CF3)2CHOH d 182
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-Octafluorocyclopentanol16621-87-7cyc (-(CF2)4CH(OH)-) d 13
2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropanol422-05-9CF3CF2CH2OH d 19
2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluorobutan-1-ol375-01-9C3F7CH2OH b d 34
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol75-89-8CF3CH2OH b 20
2,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-1-butanol382-31-0CF3CHFCF2CH2OH b 17
2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propanol76-37-9CHF2CF2CH2OH b 13
2,2-Difluoroethanol359-13-7CHF2CH2OH b 3
2-Fluoroethanol371-62-0CH2FCH2OH b 1.1
4,4,4-Trifluorobutan-1-ol461-18-7CF3(CH2)2CH2OH b 0.05
Non-Cyclic, Unsaturated Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
PFC-1114; TFE116-14-3CF2 = CF2; C2F4 b 0.004
PFC-1216; Dyneon HFP116-15-4C3F6; CF3CF = CF2 b 0.05
Perfluorobut-2-ene360-89-4CF3CF = CFCF3 b 1.82
Perfluorobut-1-ene357-26-6CF3CF2CF = CF2 b 0.10
Perfluorobuta-1,3-diene685-63-2CF2 = CFCF = CF2 b 0.003
Non-Cyclic, Unsaturated Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
HFC-1132a; VF275-38-7C2H2F2, CF2 = CH2 b 0.04
HFC-1141; VF75-02-5C2H3F, CH2 = CHF b 0.02
(E)-HFC-1225ye5595-10-8CF3CF = CHF(E) b 0.06
(Z)-HFC-1225ye5528-43-8CF3CF = CHF(Z) b 0.22
Solstice 1233zd(E)102687-65-0C3H2ClF3; CHCl = CHCF3 b 1.34
HCFO-1233zd(Z)99728-16-2(Z)-CF3CH = CHCl e 0.45
HFC-1234yf; HFO-1234yf754-12-1C3H2F4; CF3CF = CH2 b 0.31
HFC-1234ze(E)1645-83-6C3H2F4; trans-CF3CH = CHF b 0.97
HFC-1234ze(Z)29118-25-0C3H2F4; cis-CF3CH = CHF; CF3CH = CHF b 0.29
HFC-1243zf; TFP677-21-4C3H3F3, CF3CH = CH2 b 0.12
(Z)-HFC-1336692-49-9CF3CH = CHCF3(Z) b 1.58
HFO-1336mzz(E)66711-86-2(E)-CF3CH = CHCF3 e 18
HFC-1345zfc374-27-6C2F5CH = CH2 b 0.09
HFO-1123359-11-5CHF=CF2 e 0.005
HFO-1438ezy(E)14149-41-8(E)-(CF3)2CFCH = CHF e 8.2
HFO-1447fz355-08-8CF3(CF2)2CH = CH2 e 0.24
Capstone 42-U19430-93-4C6H3F9, CF3(CF2)3CH = CH2 b 0.16
Capstone 62-U25291-17-2C8H3F13, CF3(CF2)5CH = CH2 b 0.11
Capstone 82-U21652-58-4C10H3F17, CF3(CF2)7CH = CH2 b 0.09
(e)-1-chloro-2-fluoroethene460-16-2(E)-CHCl = CHF e 0.004
3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-1-ene382-10-5(CF3)2C = CH2 e 0.38
Non-Cyclic, Unsaturated CFCs
CFC-1112598-88-9CClF=CClF e 0.13
CFC-1112a79-35-6CCl2=CF2 e 0.021
Non-Cyclic, Unsaturated Halogenated Ethers
PMVE; HFE-2161187-93-5CF3OCF = CF2 b 0.17
Fluoroxene406-90-6CF3CH2OCH = CH2 b 0.05
Methyl-perfluoroheptene-ethersN/ACH3OC7F13 e 15
Non-Cyclic, Unsaturated Halogenated Esters
Ethenyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate433-28-3CF3COOCH=CH2 e 0.008
Prop-2-enyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate383-67-5CF3COOCH2CH=CH2 e 0.007
Cyclic, Unsaturated HFCs and PFCs
PFC C-1418559-40-0c-C5F8 d 2
Hexafluorocyclobutene697-11-0cyc (-CF=CFCF2CF2-) e 126
1,3,3,4,4,5,5-heptafluorocyclopentene1892-03-1cyc (-CF2CF2CF2CF=CH-) e 45
1,3,3,4,4-pentafluorocyclobutene374-31-2cyc (-CH=CFCF2CF2-) e 92
3,3,4,4-tetrafluorocyclobutene2714-38-7cyc (-CH=CHCF2CF2-) e 26
Fluorinated Aldehydes
3,3,3-Trifluoro-propanal460-40-2CF3CH2CHO b 0.01
Fluorinated Ketones
Novec 1230 (perfluoro (2-methyl-3-pentanone))756-13-8CF3CF2C(O)CF (CF3)2 b 0.1
1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one421-50-1CF3COCH3 e 0.09
1,1,1-trifluorobutan-2-one381-88-4CF3COCH2CH3 e 0.095
Fluorotelomer Alcohols
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-Undecafluoroheptan-1-ol185689-57-0CF3(CF2)4CH2CH2OH b 0.43
3,3,3-Trifluoropropan-1-ol2240-88-2CF3CH2CH2OH b 0.35
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-Pentadecafluorononan-1-ol755-02-2CF3(CF2)6CH2CH2OH b 0.33
3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-Nonadecafluoroundecan-1-ol87017-97-8CF3(CF2)8CH2CH2OH b 0.19
Fluorinated GHGs With Carbon-Iodine Bond(s)
Trifluoroiodomethane2314-97-8CF3I b 0.4
Remaining Fluorinated GHGs with Chemical-Specific GWPs
Dibromodifluoromethane (Halon 1202)75-61-6CBr2F2 b 231
2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (Halon-2311/Halothane)151-67-7CHBrClCF3 b 41
Heptafluoroisobutyronitrile42532-60-5(CF3)2CFCN e 2,750
Carbonyl fluoride353-50-4COF2 e 0.14
Fluorinated GHG group f Global warming
potential
(100 yr.)
Default GWPs for Compounds for Which Chemical-Specific GWPs Are Not Listed Above
Fully fluorinated GHGs g9,200
Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with 2 or fewer carbon-hydrogen bonds g3,000
Saturated HFCs with 3 or more carbon-hydrogen bonds g840
Saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs) with 1 carbon-hydrogen bond g6,600
Saturated HFEs and HCFEs with 2 carbon-hydrogen bonds g2,900
Saturated HFEs and HCFEs with 3 or more carbon-hydrogen bonds g320
Saturated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) g4,900
Fluorinated formates350
Cyclic forms of the following: unsaturated perfluorocarbons (PFCs), unsaturated HFCs, unsaturated CFCs, unsaturated hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), unsaturated bromofluorocarbons (BFCs), unsaturated bromochlorofluorocarbons (BCFCs), unsaturated hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs), unsaturated hydrobromochlorofluorocarbons (HBCFCs), unsaturated halogenated ethers, and unsaturated halogenated esters g58
Fluorinated acetates, carbonofluoridates, and fluorinated alcohols other than fluorotelomer alcohols g25
Fluorinated aldehydes, fluorinated ketones, and non-cyclic forms of the following: unsaturated perfluorocarbons (PFCs), unsaturated HFCs, unsaturated CFCs, unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated BFCs, unsaturated BCFCs, unsaturated HBFCs, unsaturated HBCFCs, unsaturated halogenated ethers and unsaturated halogenated esters g1
Fluorotelomer alcohols g1
Fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine bond(s) g1
Other fluorinated GHGs g1,800

a The GWP for this compound was updated in the final rule published on November 29, 2013 [78 FR 71904] and effective on January 1, 2014.

b This compound was added to table A-1 in the final rule published on December 11, 2014, and effective on January 1, 2015.

c The GWP for this compound was updated in the final rule published on December 11, 2014, and effective on January 1, 2015.

d The GWP for this compound was updated in the final rule published on April 25, 2024 and effective on January 1, 2025.

e The GWP for this compound was added to table A-1 in the final rule published on April 25, 2024 and effective on January 1, 2025.

f For electronics manufacturing (as defined in § 98.90), the term “fluorinated GHGs” in the definition of each fluorinated GHG group in § 98.6 shall include fluorinated heat transfer fluids (as defined in § 98.6), whether or not they are also fluorinated GHGs.

g The GWP for this fluorinated GHG group was updated in the final rule published on April 25, 2024 and effective on January 1, 2025.

[89 FR 31894, Apr. 25, 2024]
source: 74 FR 56374, Oct. 30, 2009, unless otherwise noted.